Distribution Of Dissolved And Particulate Organic Carbon In Alaskan Polar, Sub-Polar And Estuarine Waters

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 197

Hydrographic and nutrient data from R/V Knorr cruise 73, leg 2 : February to March, 1978 : off the coast of Peru

In February and March of 1978 a major cruise was undertaken on the R/V KNORR off the Peruvian coast near 15°S in order to investigate the organic biogeochemical processes associated with upwelling areas. The purpose of this report is to collate the large amount of hydrographic, nutrient, and plankton data generated from various investigators on this cruise and use the report as a standard for the cruise participants. Data for temperature, salinity, oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, silicate, chlorophyll a, productivity indices, and carbon fixation rates are given.Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 77-26084, for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C-0262 ER 083-004 and for the NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grants 04-7-158-44034 and 04-8-MO1-79 to the University of New Hampshire/University of Maine Cooperative Institutional Sea Grant Proqram

Effects of Baled Solid Waste Disposal in the Marine Environment—A Descriptive Model

Compacted experimental bales of municipal solid waste (trash) have been immersed in seawater for several years and monitored for chemical, biological and physical changes. This experimental data is used to develop a descriptive and simple mathematical model for a commercial-sized disposal operation on the continental shelf or deep water off the shelf, handling the needs of a medium-sized coastal city. Factors considered in the model include: bale size; quantity per unit time; bale composition; packaging; areal extent of dump; depth; biota; current regime; decomposition rates; and the effects on water quality such as oxygen consumption, dissolved organics, nutrients, and hydrogen sulfide. The effects of a dumpsite on bottom water quality at the end of one year are calculated for a shallow and deep site for the average-most likely dump and plausible extremes of the above variables

Implications of Outside-the-Box Technologies on Future Space Exploration and Colonization

Abstract. In general, planning for future manned space exploration either to the moon, Mars, or an asteroid has depended on a somewhat linear extrapolation of our present technologies. Two major prohibitive cost issues regarding such planning are payload lift and in-flight energy generation. The costs of these in both engineering and actual flight costs, coupled with the planning necessary to carry out such exploration have prevented us from actively moving forward. Although, it will be worthwhile to continue to plan for such exploration using "present " technologies, I recommend that planning be concerned mainly with mission strategies and goals utilizing both present technology and totally new energy breakthroughs. There are presently in research and development an entire suite of relevant outside-the-box technologies which will include both zero point energy generation and antigravity technologies that will replace our present solar/nuclear/fuel cell energy technologies and liquid/solid fuel rockets. This paper describes some of these technologies, the physics behind them and their potential use for manned space exploration. The companies and countries that first incorporate these technologies into their space programs will lead the way in exploring and colonizing space

Hydrographic and nutrient data from R/V Atlantis II cruise 108, leg 3 : March to April 1981 : off the coast of Peru

In March and April of 1981 a major cruise was undertaken on the R/V Atlantis II off the Peruvian coast near 15°S in order to investigate the sea-air exchange of selected heavy metals and natural and anthropogenic organic compounds. The purpose of this report is to collate the hydrographic, nutrient, and plankton data generated from various investigators on this cruise end to provide a standard of reference for the cruise participants. Data for temperature, salinity, oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, axnmonium, phosphate, silicate, chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon, and particulate organic nitrogen are given. In addition, air and sea temperatures, and wind speed and direction data, collected using the SAIL system, are included.Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE 77-12914, OCE 80-17877 and OCE 81-11947

An Economic Response to Unsolicited Communication

If communication involves some transactions cost to both sender and recipient, what policy ensures that correct messages -- those with positive social surplus - get sent? Filters block messages that harm recipients but benefit senders by more than transactions costs. Taxes can block positive value messages, and allow harmful messages through. In contrast, we propose an ``Attention Bond,'' allowing recipients to define a price that senders must risk to deliver the initial message.The underlying problem is first-contact information asymmetry with negative externalities. Uninformed senders waste recipient attention through message pollution. Requiring attention bonds creates an attention market, effectively applying the Coase Theorem to price this scarce resource. In this market, screening mechanisms shift the burden of message classification from recipients to senders, who know message content. Price signals can also facilitate decentralized two-sided matching. In certain limited cases, this leads to greater welfare than use of even ``perfect'' filters.