Desarrollo de un sistema remoto de adquisición de datos basado en LoRaWAN para aplicaciones IoT

Este Trabajo de Fin de Máster tiene como objetivo el desarrollo e implementación de un sistema capaz de obtener datos de parámetros ambientales mediante un dispositivo diseñado ad-hoc basado en un microcontrolador Cortex-M3 de ST Microelectronics. El dispositivo transmite la información obtenida de los sensores a través de comunicación inalámbrica usando la tecnología LoRa y aplicando el protocolo de comunicaciones LoRaWAN que permite el envío de la información a la nube, siendo una aplicación orientada al Internet de las Cosas. La información se recibe en un servidor instalado en Amazon Web Services para ser almacenada en una base de datos, que posteriormente se recupera para ser representada gráficamente en una página web utilizando el framework Flask.The objective of this Master Thesis is the development and implementation of a system capable of obtaining data of environmental parameters through an ad-hoc designed device based on a Cortex- M3 microcontroller from ST Microelectronics. The device transmits the information obtained from the sensors through wireless communication using LoRa technology and implementing the LoRaWAN communications protocol that allows sending the information to the cloud, being an application oriented to the Internet of Things. The information is received in a server installed in Amazon Web Services to be stored in a database, which is later retrieved to be graphically represented in a web page using the Flask frameworkMáster Universitario en Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (M125

Detecting relative amplitude of IR signals with active sensors and its application to a positioning system

Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in smart systems, e.g., smart metering or smart spaces, for which active sensing plays an important role. In such systems, the sample or environment to be measured is irradiated with a signal (acoustic, infrared, radio‐frequency…) and some of their features are determined from the transmitted or reflected part of the original signal. In this work, infrared (IR) signals are emitted from different sources (four in this case) and received by a unique quadrature angular diversity aperture (QADA) sensor. A code division multiple access (CDMA) technique is used to deal with the simultaneous transmission of all the signals and their separation (depending on the source) at the receiver’s processing stage. Furthermore, the use of correlation techniques allows the receiver to determine the amount of energy received from each transmitter, by quantifying the main correlation peaks. This technique can be used in any system requiring active sensing; in the particular case of the IR positioning system presented here, the relative amplitudes of those peaks are used to determine the central incidence point of the light from each emitter on the QADA. The proposal tackles the typical phenomena, such as distortions caused by the transducer impulse response, the near‐far effect in CDMA‐based systems, multipath transmissions, the correlation degradation from non‐coherent demodulations, etc. Finally, for each emitter, the angle of incidence on the QADA receiveris estimated, assuming that it is on a horizontal plane, although with any rotation on the vertical axis Z. With the estimated angles and the known positions of the LED emitters, the position (x, y, z) of the receiver is determined. The system is validated at different positions in a volume of 3 × 3 × 3.4 m3 obtaining average errors of 7.1, 5.4, and 47.3 cm in the X, Y and Z axes, respectively.Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónUniversidad de AlcaláJunta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Manch

Sistema Remoto de adquisición de variables meteorológicas con monitorización en un entorno web

El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado pretende documentar el diseño llevado a cabo para realizar una plataforma autónoma de adquisición de variables relacionadas con la meteorología, que serán graficadas en un entorno web. El sistema remoto está formado por un microcontrolador que controla la adquisición de datos mediante distintos sensores y coordina el envío de los datos obtenidos a una base de datos, para lo que dispone de dos métodos de envío de los datos, mediante una comunicación WiFi o a través de GPRS. Una vez que los datos están almacenados se procede a mostrarlos al usuario de forma gráfica, mediante la librería de representación de datos de Highcharts, a través de una página web con la que se puede interactuar.The present End of Degree Project aims to document the design carried out to realice an autonomous platform for the acquisition of variables related to meteorology, which will be graphed in a web environment. The remote system is formed by a microcontroller that controls the acquisition of data by means of different sensors and coordinates the sending of the obtained data to a database, for which it has two methods of sending the data, through a WiFi communication or through of GPRS. Once the data is stored, it is presented to the user in graphic form, through the Highcharts data representation library, through a web page with which it can interact.Grado en Ingeniería Electrónica de Comunicacione

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field