System of virtual courses for the formation of professional competence develop web systems in the Systems career of the Autonomous Regional University of the Andes UNIANDES

El artículo responde a la necesidad de formar la competencia desarrollar sistemas web desde un espacio virtual de enseñanza – aprendizaje (EvEA) en los ingenieros en sistemas. para ello se introduce el concepto de sistema de cursos virtuales como una posible solución a la interrogante sobre la formación de la competencia desde el EvEA y se analiza la necesidad de transformarlo para la introducción de posibilidades para la modelación y la codificación desde el espacio virtual. su objetivo general es diseñar una metodología para la implementación de un sistema de cursos virtuales para el desarrollo de la competencia profesional desarrollar sistemas web. para el logro de este propósito se sistematizaron los referentes teóricos y metodológicos asociados a la temática, diagnosticó el estado actual de la variable dependiente en la institución a partir de su operacionalización y la elaboración de la metodología para su implementación. se determinaron las dimensiones y los componentes que debían conformar la metodología, se procedió a su diseño y se introdujo en la práctica para conocer su validezThe article responds to the need to train the competition to develop web systems from a virtual teaching - learning space (EvEA) in systems engineers. for this, the concept of virtual courses system is introduced as a possible solution to the question about the formation of competence from the EvEA and the need to transform it for the introduction of possibilities for modeling and coding from the virtual space is analyzed. Its general objective is to design a methodology for the implementation of a system of virtual courses for the development of professional competence to develop web systems. To achieve this purpose, the theoretical and methodological references associated with the theme were systematized, the current state of the dependent variable in the institution was diagnosed as of its operationalization and the elaboration of the methodology for its implementation. The dimensions and components that had to conform the methodology were determined, its design was proceeded and it was introduced in practice to know its validit

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health