Association between hypertension of people with TB and the same in their household members.

Association between hypertension of people with TB and the same in their household members.</p

BMI in members of households with TB compared to those without TB.

BMI in members of households with TB compared to those without TB.</p

Sensitivity analysis- the association between any alcohol drinking and TB status.

Sensitivity analysis- the association between any alcohol drinking and TB status.</p

Association between BMI of people with TB and the same in their household members.

Association between BMI of people with TB and the same in their household members.</p

Proportion of missing data by variable and survey.

Proportion of missing data by variable and survey.</p

Association between current smoking of people with TB and the same in their household members.

Association between current smoking of people with TB and the same in their household members.</p

Association between alcohol drinking of people with TB and the same in their household members.

Association between alcohol drinking of people with TB and the same in their household members.</p

Supplementary methods.

Tuberculosis (TB) and non-communicable diseases (NCD) share predisposing risk factors. TB-associated NCD might cluster within households affected with TB requiring shared prevention and care strategies. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of national TB prevalence surveys to determine whether NCD cluster in members of households with TB. We identified eligible surveys that reported at least one NCD or NCD risk factor through the archive maintained by the World Health Organization and searching in Medline and Embase from 1 January 2000 to 10 August 2021, which was updated on 23 March 2023. We compared the prevalence of NCD and their risk factors between people who do not have TB living in households with at least one person with TB (members of households with TB), and members of households without TB. We included 16 surveys (n = 740,815) from Asia and Africa. In a multivariable model adjusted for age and gender, the odds of smoking was higher among members of households with TB (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.23; 95% CI: 1.11–1.38), compared with members of households without TB. The analysis did not find a significant difference in the prevalence of alcohol drinking, diabetes, hypertension, or BMI between members of households with and without TB. Studies evaluating household-wide interventions for smoking to reduce its dual impact on TB and NCD may be warranted. Systematically screening for NCD using objective diagnostic methods is needed to understand the actual burden of NCD and inform comprehensive interventions.</div

Sensitivity analysis-impact of misclassification of hypertension on its association with members of households with TB.

Sensitivity analysis-impact of misclassification of hypertension on its association with members of households with TB.</p

Prevalence of NCD/NCD risk factors in members of households with TB compared to those without TB.

Prevalence of NCD/NCD risk factors in members of households with TB compared to those without TB.</p