WER KEHRT MOGLICHERWEISE IN DEN OSTEN KROATlENS ZURUCK

Based on an extensive survey conducted on the representative sample of displaced persons from Croatian East the purpose of this paper was to highlight the differences in some sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes and expectations of the displaced who distinguish by their willingness to return home under the conditions of the Plan of Peaceful Reintegration. The majority (about 70%) of the interviewed persons intended to return to their homes unconditionally, about one quarter of them hesitated about the return because of the conditions of the Plan of Peaceful Reintegration or had not decided yet, and only 3% did not intend to return. By means of discriminant analyses the results of three groups of displaced persons were analysed: returnees, hesitant, and non-returnees. According to the results, the main difference between returnees and other two groups were their attitudes toward the Plan of Peaceful Reintegration, and the Plan was found to be prevailingly positive for the group of returnees. The group of non-returnees, although very small in number, differed from both, returnees and hesitant displaced, by younger age, poor family relationships, problem of invalidity and better adaptation to the place of resettlement. Present living conditions and expectations about future of the potential returnees were presented.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike u nekim sociodemografskim osobinama, stavovima i očekivanjima hrvatskih prognanika koje se razlikuju s obzirom na namjeru povratka u mjesta progonstva. Istraživanje je provedeno na reprezentativnom uzorku prognanika s hrvatskog istoka. Rezultati su pokazali da se većina ispitanih prognanika (oko 70%) namjerava vratiti u svoje domove bez obzira na uvjete postavljene u Planu mirne reintegracije, oko jedna četvrtina prognanika ne namjerava se vratiti pod tim uvjetima ili to još nisu odlučili, a svega 3% njih ne namjerava se vratiti. Rezultati diskriminativne analize provedene s ciljem da se utvrde razlike u nekim obilježjima i stavovima između triju skupina ispitanika: povratnika, neodlučnih i ne-povratnika, pokazali su da varijable koje diferenciraju skupinu povratnika od drugih dviju skupina jesu stavovi prema Planu mirne reintegracije. Oni su bili pozitivniji u skupine povratnika nego u neodlučnih i ne-po-vratnika. Skupina ne-povratnika, iako vrlo mala, razlikovala se od ostalih dviju skupina po svojoj mlađoj dobi, lošijim odnosima u obitelji, problemima s invalidnošću i boljom prilagodbom na uvjete života poslije progonstva. U radu su prikazani i podaci o uvjetima života u progonstvu i očekivanja u vezi s povratkom skupine povratnika.Das Ziel der Untersuchung war, die Unterschiede zwischen bestimmten soziodemographischen Eigenschaften, Einstellungen und Erwartungen kroatischer Vertriebener festzustellen, deren Zukunftsplane bezOglich des intendierten Aufenthaltsorts voneinander abweichen. Die Untersuchung wurde an einer reprasentativen Gruppe ostkroatischer Vertriebener durchgefOhrt. Die Resultate haben gezeigt, dass die Mehrzahl der Vertriebenen (etwa 70%) in ihre Heimatorte zurOckkehren will, ohne ROcksicht auf die im Plan zur friedlichen Reintegrierung aufgestellten Bedingungen. Etwa ein Viertel der Vertriebenen hat nicht die Absicht, unter den geltenden Bedingungen zurOckzukehren, oder ist noch unentschlossen; lediglich 3% sehen ganz von einer ROckkehr ab. Die DurchfOhrung einer diskriminativen Analyse hatte zum Ziel, die Unterschiede in Einstellungen und Oberlegungen zwischen den drei verschiedenen Personengruppen, narnlich Heimkehrern, UnschlOssigen und Nicht-Heimkehrern, zu ermitteln. Es erwies sich, dass die jeweilige Einstellung zum Plan der friedlichen Reintegrierung jene Variable ist, welche die Gruppe der Heimkehrer von den Obrigen beiden Gruppen differenziert. Unter den zur Heimkehr Entschlossenen ist diese Einstellung positiver als unter den Obrigen Vertriebenen. Die Gruppe der Nicht-Heimkehrer, obwohl geringen Umfangs, unterscheidet sich von den Obrigen durch ein niedrigeres Durchschnittsalter, schlechtere Farnilienverhaltnisse, Invaliditatsprobleme und eine bessere Eingewohnung in die Lebensverhaltnisse nach der Vertreibung. Die Arbeit illustriert aufšerdern bestimmte soziodemographische Merkmale, Lebensverhaltnisse nach der Vertreibung und Erwartungen bezOglich der ROckkehr in die Heimatorte, die innerhalb der Gruppe der zur ROckkehr entschlossenen Vertriebenen zu beobachten sind

Bestimmen die Lebensjahre das Alter oder ist man so alt, wie man sich fühlt?

U članku se iznosi pregled istraživanja koncepta subjektivne dobi. Velik broj istraživanja pokazao je da ljudi percipiraju svoju dob drukčijom od stvarne dobi. Općenito, do svoje 20. godine ljudi se osjećaju nešto starijima nego što jesu, a oni s više od 30 godina života gotovo se u pravilu osjećaju mlađima. Razlike između subjektivne i kronološke dobi su veće što su ljudi stariji. Prikazani su načini na koji se subjektivna dob operacionalizira i mjeri te povezanost između subjektivne dobi i različitih demografskih, zdravstvenih i psiholoških čimbenika.This paper reviews the concept and measurement of subjective age. Considerable research has shown that people tend to consider their age as being different from what it actually is. Generally, adults under 20 years of age often perceive themselves as slightly older than their actual age, while adults over 30 years perceive themselves as younger than their actual age. The differences between actual and subjective age become more pronounced with advancing chronological age. The different types of measures that have been used to assess subjective age as well as correlates of age identification are discussed.Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Untersuchungen zum Konzept des subjektiven Alters. Zahlreiche Untersuchungen haben ergeben, daß Menschen ihr Alter in Abweichung von ihren reellen Lebensjahren wahrnehmen. Allgemein kann folgendes gesagt werden: bis zum 20. Lebensjahr fühlt man sich etwas älter, als man tatsächlich ist, während man sich nach 30 fast in der Regel jünger fühlt. Je älter man ist, desto größer der Unterschied zwischen dem subjektiven und dem chronologischen Alter. Es werden Modi aufgezeigt, die es ermöglichen, das subjektive Alter zu operationalisieren und zu messen. Die Autorin verweist ferner auf den Bezug zwischen subjektivem Alter und verschiedenen demographischen, gesundheitlichen und psychologischen Faktoren

Quality of life, life satisfaction and happiness in Croatia in comparison to European countries

The aim of this paper is to analyse various dimensions of subjective well-being in Croatia: life satisfaction, happiness, personal and national well-being, to compare some of these dimensions between 2003 and 2005, and to compare our data with available data from other European countries. The data used were obtained from two national surveys (2003 and 2005). In both surveys participants were representative samples of Croatian citizens. Comparisons with other European countries were based on the data set from the project on monitoring quality of life in Europe conducted in 2003 by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Results of analyses showed that Croatia's subjective well-being rates fit at the bottom of the EU-15 or at the top of the 13 acceding and candidate countries, according to their status in 2003. Happiness ratings in Croatian citizens were rather high and increased between 2003 and 2005. Satisfaction with personal life domains showed that the standard of living is the least satisfying, while relationships with family and friends were the most satisfying. When rating national domains, Croatian citizens were the most satisfied with national security and the state of the environment and the least satisfied with social conditions in the country

Slobodne aktivnosti i zadovoljstvo osoba zaposlenih u sustavu zdravstvene skrbi

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between off-the-job activities and subjective well-being of the healthcare professionals. The sample of 185 healthcare professionals from three medical settings in Croatia were administered a questionnaire which included the measures of worker’s satisfaction with the opportunity to carry out a set of 15 of off-the-job activities, as well as the measures of subjective well-being: life satisfaction, happiness and job satisfaction. Regression analyses were used to examine the effects of satisfaction with the opportunity to carry off-the-job activities on well-being measures. Out of various off-the-job activities, healthcare professionals in our sample were most satisfied with the opportunity to carry out family and household oriented activities (raising children, being with spouse or partner, shopping for household needs) and least satisfied with the opportunity to exercise, take part in organization and keep up with news. The satisfaction with the opportunity to shop for household needs was the only significant predictor of life satisfaction. None of the off-the-job activities predicted the overall happiness, only being younger was associated with higher reported overall happiness. Job satisfaction was predicted by satisfaction with balancing work and family life.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost između aktivnosti koje se obavljaju u slobodno vrijeme i subjektivnog blagostanja kod zdravstvenih djelatnika. Na uzorku od 185 zdravstvenih djelatnika iz tri zdravstvene ustanove u Hrvatskoj primijenjen je upitnik o zadovoljstvu s obzirom na mogućnost da se u slobodno vrijeme obavlja 15 pojedinačnih aktivnosti te nekoliko mjera subjektivnog blagostanja: životno zadovoljstvo, osjećaj sreće i zadovoljstvo poslom. Regresijskim analizama ispitan je utjecaj zadovoljstva mogućnošću da se u slobodno vrijeme obavljaju različite aktivnosti na svaku od mjera subjektivnog blagostanja. Rezultati su pokazali općenito da su ispitani zdravstveni djelatnici najzadovoljniji mogućnošću da u slobodno vrijeme obavljaju aktivnosti vezane uz obiteljski život (bavljenje djecom, provođenje vremena sa supružnikom ili partnerom, kupovanje za potrebe domaćinstva), a najmanje zadovoljni mogućnošću sudjelovanja u različitim organizacijama, rekreativnog vježbanja i praćenja dnevnih događaja u medijima. Jedini značajni prediktor životnog zadovoljstva bila je mogućnost da se kupuje za potrebe domaćinstva, dok je za osjećaj sreće bila prediktivna jedino dob sudionika. Mlađa životna dob upućivala je na veći osjećaj sreće. Zadovoljstvo poslom najbolje je predviđalo zadovoljstvo uspostavljenom ravnotežom između života i rada

Life satisfaction and feeling of happiness among students

Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati zadovoljstvo životom i uobičajeno raspoloženje studenata, te ispitati povezanost ovih konstrukata sa zadovoljstvom specifičnim aspektima života (obitelj, prijatelji, studij, materijalna situacija, ljubavna situacija, slobodno vrijeme, zdravlje, fizički izgled, prihvaćenost od okoline, osjećaj fizičke sigurnosti, duhovni život, osjećaj postignuća, perspektiva za budućnost i zadovoljstvo samim sobom). Dodatno smo ispitali trenutno raspoloženje te istražili razlike u odnosu na uobičajeno raspoloženje. Istraživanje je provedeno na 141 studentu. Sve varijable mjerili smo na skalama od 10 stupnjeva, gdje je veći broj upućivao na veće zadovoljstvo ili sreću. Rezultati su pokazali da su studenti zadovoljni životom (M = 7,8, sd = 1,438) i sretni (M = 7,49, sd = 1,307). Trenutno raspoloženje je niže od uobičajenog (M = 6,9, sd = 1,860), a studenti tu razliku dominantno pripisuju obavezama i umoru. Studenti su, u prosjeku, zadovoljni svim aspektima života, a najzadovoljniji osjećajem fizičke sigurnosti, odnosima s prijateljima i prihvaćanjem od okoline, a najmanje zadovoljni slobodnim vremenom. Faktorskom analizom zadovoljstva pojedinim aspektima života dobivena su tri faktora: zadovoljstvo privatnim životom, zadovoljstvo “poslovnim” životom i opterećenost. Na temelju zadovoljstva pojedinim aspektima života možemo predvidjeti 65% varijance općeg zadovoljstva životom pri čemu su značajni prediktori zadovoljstvo odnosima s prijateljima, zadovoljstvo odnosima s obitelji, zadovoljstvo duhovnim životom, ljubavnom situacijom, prihvaćanjem od okoline i materijalnim stanjem. Zadovoljstvo pojedinim aspektima života objašnjava i 52% varijance uobičajenog raspoloženja (sreće), a značajni prediktori su zadovoljstvo odnosima s prijateljima, zadovoljstvo samima sobom i zadovoljstvo slobodnim vremenom.The aim of the study was to explore life satisfaction and common and current mood of students, and to relate them to satisfaction with particular aspects of life (family, friends, economic status, studying, love situation, leisure, health, physical appearance, physical safety, spiritual life, achievement, future perspectives and satisfaction with oneself). The research was conducted on 141 students. All variables were measured on 10 point scales, higher scores indicating higher satisfaction or happiness. Results showed that students are satisfied with their lives (M = 7.8, sd = 1.438) and happy (M = 7.49, sd = 1.307). Current mood is lower than common mood (M = 6.9, sd = 1.860), and students assign this difference mostly to obligations and tiredness. Students are, in general, satisfied with all aspects of their lives, and most satisfied with physical safety, relations with friends and acceptance by the community, while least satisfied with leisure (free time). Factor analysis of satisfaction with different aspects of life resulted in three factors: satisfaction with private life, satisfaction with “business” life and exhaustion. On the basis of satisfaction with specific aspects of life we can predict 65% of the variance of general life satisfaction, while significant predictors are satisfaction with relations with friends, satisfaction with relations with family, satisfaction with spiritual life, love situation, acceptance by the community and economic status. Satisfaction with particular aspects of life explains 52% of common mood (happiness), and significant predictors are satisfaction with relations with friends, satisfaction with oneself, and satisfaction with leisure (free time)