Print Culture, Digital Culture, Poetics and Hermeneutics: Discussion with J. Hillis Miller

This paper is a response to Hillis Miller’s query on the author’s essay “Hillis Miller on the End of Literature.” The author basically agrees with Miller’s view on the shift from print culture to digital culture, explaining the special cultural context under which Chinese scholars emphasize the visual turn. Based on the rapid development of Chinese online literature, the author points out that print culture does not rival but coexists with digital culture. On the other hand, drawing on Aristotle’s Poetics and insights of several leading figures of contemporary hermeneutics, the author contends that Miller’s dichotomy of poetics (form) and hermeneutics (content) is one-sided, since the two are compatible and integral, with concern for both content and form

Emission Spectra of LSO and LYSO Crystals Excited by UV Light, X-Ray and γ-ray

Because of their high stopping power (X_o = 1.14 cm, R_(Moliere) = 2.07 cm) and fast (~ 40 ns) bright (4 times of BGO) scintillation, cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) and cerium doped lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals have attracted a broad interest in the high energy physics community. This paper presents a comparative study on emission spectra measured for large size BGO, lead tungstate (PbWO_4), LSO and LYSO samples excited by UV light (photo-luminescence) with and without internal absorption, X-ray (X-luminescence) and gamma-ray (radio-luminescence). A red shift was observed between the emission spectra with internal absorption as compared to that without. An additional red shift and a significant red component were observed in the radio-luminescence spectra measured for LSO samples but not LYSO samples, which were disappeared after a gamma-ray irradiation with an accumulated dose of 5 x 10^3 rad. This is the only significant difference observed between the large size LSO and LYSO samples. The origin of these red shifts and the consequence to their light output and applications in the high energy and nuclear physics experiments are discussed

Gamma ray induced radiation damage in PWO and LSO/LYSO crystals

This paper compares γ-ray induced radiation damage effect in two kinds of heavy crystal scintillators: PWO and LSO/LYSO. Scintillation emission, optical transmission, light output, decay kinetics and light response uniformity were measured for PWO and LSO/LYSO crystal samples of large size before and after γ-ray irradiations. γ-ray induced phosphorescence was also measured, and the corresponding readout noise was determined

Effects of Neutron Irradiations in Various Crystal Samples of Large Size for Future Crystal Calorimeter

In this paper, we report an investigation on the radiation damage effects induced by neutrons in large size crystal scintillator: BGO, CeF_3, LYSO:Ce and PWO. The irradiations were carried out by using fast neutrons from one ^(241)Am-Be and two ^(252)Cf sources. The optical and scintillation properties of these samples, including UV excitation and emission spectra, longitudinal transmission, light output, decay kinetics and light response uniformity, were measured before and after the irradiations. The neutron induced photo-current was also measured, and was used to estimate the readout noise under the neutron flux expected by an electromagnetic calorimeter at a very severe radiation environment. Because of its high light output and excellent radiation resistance LYSO:Ce crystal is found to have the smallest neutron induced readout noise as compared to other large size crystals, indicating it is a good candidate material for a future crystal calorimeter in a severe radiation environment

Large size LYSO crystals for future high energy physics experiments

Because of their high stopping power and fast bright scintillation, cerium doped silicate based heavy crystal scintillators, such as GSO, LSO, and LYSO, have been developed for medical instruments. Their applications in high energy and nuclear physics, however, are limited by lacking high quality crystals in sufficiently large size. The optical and scintillation properties, including the transmittance, emission and excitation spectra and the light output, decay kinetics and light response uniformity, as well as their degradation under /spl gamma/-ray irradiation were measured for two long (2.5/spl times/2.5/spl times/20 cm) LYSO samples from CPI and Saint-Gobain, and were compared to a BGO sample of the same size from SIC. Possible applications for crystal calorimetry in future high energy and nuclear physics experiments are discussed

Performance of the Monitoring Light Source for the CMS Lead Tungstate Crystal Calorimeter

Light monitoring will play a crucial role in maintaining energy resolution for the CMS lead tungstate crystal calorimeter at LHC. In the last several years, a laser based monitoring light source was designed and constructed at Caltech, and was installed and commissioned at CERN. This paper presents the design of the CMS ECAL monitoring light source and its performance during beam tests. Issues related to the monitoring precision are discussed

A Radiation Damage and Recovery Study for Lead Tungstate Crystals from BTCP and SIC

This paper presents result of a study on radiation damage and recovery for lead tungstate crystals produced at BTCP and SIC. Correlations were observed between initial light output and initial longitudinal transmittance at 360 nm, between the loss of longitudinal transmittance at 440 nm and the loss of light output, and between radiation damages levels at different dose rates. No correlations, however, were found between crystal’s initial optical properties and radiation hardness. Excellent linearity was observed between the variations of crystal’s light output and its longitudinal transmittance at 440 nm in several cycles of irradiation followed by recovery, indicating these PWO crystals can be monitored in situ at LHC

Livelihood adaptation and life satisfaction among land-lost farmers: Critiquing China’s urbanisation-driven land appropriation

Large-scale rural land appropriation and displacement, driven by the unprecedented urban growth currently experienced in China, has created millions of land-lost peasants who live in the city but remain culturally, socially and institutionally rural. The situation has attracted growing attention in the literature because of its negative social impact, but relatively few studies have addressed how land-lost farmers adapt to urban ways of life and what factors influence their life satisfaction. In this paper, we investigate the predictors of livelihood adaptation and life satisfaction of land-lost farmers from a land appropriation case in the city of Changchun, Northeast China. The results show that, five years after the  appropriation, livelihood adaptation remained very difficult and life satisfaction was poor among the resettlers. Furthermore, marginalised groups, such as those  who were older, less educated and from smaller families, and those with lower pre-displacement income were less likely to have a higher income level after resettlement, resulting in a lower level of life satisfaction. Women also had lower life satisfaction than men. The study highlights an urgent need to improve China’s unjust land appropriation policy with a particular focus on attending to the needs of marginalised groups