Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were lower in specific white matter regions in survivors compared to healthy controls, and correlated with IQ.

<p>Note: a: Correlation coefficient; VIQ = Verbal Intelligence Quotient; PIQ = Performance IQ; FA = fractional anisotropy; RT = survivors treated with radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy; NRT = survivors who did not receive radiation treatment; HC = Healthy Controls.</p><p>*: P < 0.05</p><p>**: P < 0.01. CC: corpus callosum, LSF: left superior frontal; LMF: left middle frontal; LFP: left frontal pole; RSF: right superior frontal; RMF: right middle frontal; RIF: right inferior frontal; LFO: left frontal orbital; LFP: left frontal pole; LIF: left inferior frontal; LST: left superior temporal; LMT: left middle temporal; LIT: left inferior temporal; LPT: left planum temporale; RST: right superior temporal; RMT: right middle temporal; RIT: right inferior temporal; RPT: right planum temporale.</p><p>Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were lower in specific white matter regions in survivors compared to healthy controls, and correlated with IQ.</p

White matter differences between survivors with radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy (RT) and survivors without radiation treatment (NRT).

<p>(A) Significant white matter differences were identified between the RT group and the NRT group in the empirically-identified white matter regions from TBSS. White matter skeleton (color coded in green) is overlaid on a T₁ weighted image. Clusters of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for the RT survivor group are in orange and red. (B) The plot of statistically significant correlations between intellectual performance and the white matter FA measured from the areas of anterior portion of corpus callosum (green), right middle temporal (red) and right middle frontal (blue) regions. CC = corpus callosum (green), RMF = right middle frontal (blue), RMT = right middle temporal (red). VIQ = verbal intelligence quotient, PIQ = performance intelligence quotient, a.u = arbitrary units.</p

The correlations of IQ and cumulative neurological risk with fractional anisotropy values of specific white matter regions in survivors with radiation treatment with and without chemotherapy (RT) compared to the survivors who did not receive radiation treatment (NRT).

<p>Note: ^a: Correlation coefficient; VIQ = Verbal Intelligence Quotient; PIQ = Performance IQ; NPS = Neurological Predictor Scale; FA = fractional anisotropy; RT = survivors treated with radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy; NRT = survivors who did not receive radiation treatment.</p><p>*: P < 0.05</p><p>**: P < 0.01. CC: corpus callosum; RMF: right middle frontal; RFP: right frontal pole; LIF: left inferior frontal; LMF: left middle frontal; RMT: right middle temporal; RTP: right temporal pole.</p><p>The correlations of IQ and cumulative neurological risk with fractional anisotropy values of specific white matter regions in survivors with radiation treatment with and without chemotherapy (RT) compared to the survivors who did not receive radiation treatment (NRT).</p

White matter differences between survivors treated with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy and healthy controls.

<p>(A) Significant white matter differences between survivors with radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy (RT) and healthy controls (HC) were found in the empirically-identified white matter regions from TBSS. White matter skeleton (color coded in green) is overlaid on a T₁ weighted image. Clusters of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for survivor group are in orange and red. (B) The plot of statistically significant correlations between intellectual performance and the white matter FA measured from the areas of left middle frontal (red) and left middle temporal (blue). LMF = left middle frontal (red), LMT = left middle temporal (blue). VIQ = verbal intelligence quotient, PIQ = performance intelligence quotient. a.u. = arbitrary units.</p

White matter differences between survivors with no radiation treatment and healthy controls.

<p>Significant white matter differences between survivors with no radiation treatment (NRT) and healthy controls (HC) were found in the empirically-identified white matter regions from TBSS. White matter skeleton (color coded in green) is overlaid on a T₁ weighted image. Clusters of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for survivor group are in orange and red. No statistically significant correlation between intellectual performance and the white matter FA was found in these areas.</p

Demographic, treatment history, and intellectual performance of each group.

<p>Note: RT = survivors who received radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy, NRT = survivors who did not receive radiation treatment. Groups were similar across demographic variables.</p><p><b>*</b>: Variables with significant group difference (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p>^a,b: Different superscripts (e.g., ^a and ^b) signify significant mean differences between groups (χ2, <i>p</i> < .05), whereas matching superscripts illustrate similar means (e.g., ^b and ^b). RT group had significantly more individuals treated with chemotherapy and individuals identified with hormone deficiency. Across most cognitive tasks and indices, the RT group was significantly lower relative to both NRT and HC groups; in contrast, the NRT group was similar to controls. IQ Mean = 100, SD = 15; Subtest T Score Mean = 50, SD = 10.</p><p>Demographic, treatment history, and intellectual performance of each group.</p

Fractional anisotropy (FA) values of white matter regions in all brain tumor survivors were lower compared to those of healthy controls, and correlated with IQ.

<p>Note: ^a: Correlation coefficient; FA = Fractional Anisotropy, VIQ = Verbal Intelligence Quotient; PIQ = Performance Intelligence Quotient.</p><p>*: P < 0.05</p><p>**: P < 0.01.CC: corpus callosum, LSF: left superior frontal; LFP: left frontal pole; LMF: left middle frontal; LFP: left frontal pole; RMF: right middle frontal; RFP: right frontal pole; RFO: right frontal orbital; RIF: right inferior frontal; LST: left superior; LMT: left middle temporal; LIT: left inferior temporal; LPT: left planum temporale; RST: right superior temporal; RMT: right middle temporal; RIT: right inferior temporal; RPT: right planum temporale.</p><p>Fractional anisotropy (FA) values of white matter regions in all brain tumor survivors were lower compared to those of healthy controls, and correlated with IQ.</p

The timing of green product introduction in relation to technological evolution

<p>As a result of the rising awareness of environmental issues and increasingly stringent regulations, the ability of a business to manage environmentally friendly products represents an important competitive edge. This paper presents a study of the impacts of two types of technological solutions, namely, Zero Sum and Synergy, on strategies for timing the introduction of green products. We have developed mathematical models to determine the optimal price, traditional quality, and environmental quality required to maximize profit. In addition, we discuss how differentiation in environmental quality and customer patience impact the choice of product introduction strategies under the commitment and no-commitment scenarios. We also investigate how Zero Sum and Synergy interact with choice. The results show that a business tends to adopt a simultaneous introduction strategy when the differentiation in market condition for environmental quality is high, customer is patient, and/or the business employs the Synergy technology. In addition, we determine that this strategy change is less likely in the commitment scenario, when the technology changes from Zero Sum to Synergy.</p

From Two-Dimensional Double Decker Architecture to Three-Dimensional <i>pcu</i> Framework with One-Dimensional Tube: Syntheses, Structures, Luminescence, and Magnetic Studies

The hydrothermal reactions of lanthanide salts with substituted imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acids in the presence of aliphatic carboxylates afforded a new family of lanthanide metal–organic frameworks formulated as {Y₃[(Heimda)₄(μ₂-HCOO)·3H₂O]·H₂O}_<i>n</i> (<b>1</b>Y), {[Gd₃(Heimda)₄(μ₂-HCOO)·4H₂O]·2H₂O}_<i>n</i> (<b>2</b>Gd), {[Tb₃(Heimda)₄(μ₂-HCOO)·4H₂O]·2H₂O}_<i>n</i> (<b>3</b>Tb) and {[Nd₃(Hpimda)₂(μ₂-HCOO) (μ₂ -C₂O₄)₂·6H₂O]·4H₂O}_<i>n</i> (<b>4</b>Nd), (H₃eimda = 2-ethyl-1<i>H</i>-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, while H₃pimda = 2-propyl-1<i>H</i>-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid). The structural diversity and photophysical and magnetic properties have been investigated. The polymer <b>3</b> triggers intense characteristic lanthanide-centered green luminescence under UV excitation, and it exhibits gradually increasing luminescence intensities when dispersed in water, ethanol, and DMSO as suspensions. After water molecules are liberated from the condensed frameworks of <b>4</b>, the evacuated product (<b>4a</b>) exhibits nitrogen sorption properties at 77 K with a hysteresis, as well as strong characteristic emissions of the Nd­(III) ion in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Polymer <b>2</b> displays very weak but significant ferromagnetic couplings between adjacent Gd­(III) ions through the carboxylate bridging, whereas the depopulation of the Stark levels or possible antiferromagnetic interactions within both polymers <b>4</b> and <b>4a</b> leads to a continuous decrease of χ_M<i>T</i> when the samples are cooled from 300 to 2 K

Series d–f Heteronuclear Metal–Organic Frameworks: Color Tunability and Luminescent Probe with Switchable Properties

A series of five unique d–f heteronuclear luminescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in an entangled polyrotaxane array and the light-harvesting block homonuclear zinc compound have been isolated successfully and characterized. The series of isostructural polymers feature 3,4-connected (4.8²)­(4.8³.9²)­(6.8.9)₂(6.9²)­(8³) topology and high stability, exhibiting diverse void spaces. By taking advantage of the isostructural MOFs <b>2</b> and <b>3</b>, the intensities of red and green emissions can be modulated by adjusting the ratios of Eu^III and Tb^III ions correspondingly, and white-light emission can be generated by a combination of different doped Tb^III and Eu^III concentrations. The Tb–Zn-based framework {[Tb₃Zn₆(bipy₂)₂(Hmimda)₇ (H₂O)₃]·5H₂O}_<i>n</i> (<b>3</b>; H₃mimda = 2-methyl-1-<i>H</i>-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid and bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) can detect trace Mg^II ion with relatively high sensitivity and selectivity. Dehydrated MOF <b>3a</b> shows a remarkable emission quenching effect through the introduction of I₂ solids. Further investigation indicates that it exhibits turn on/off switchable properties for small solvent molecules or heavy-metal ions. Steady/transient-state near-IR luminescence properties for MOFs <b>1</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>5</b> were investigated under visible-light excitation