Correlation of Periostin with Coronary/Echocardiography Parameters after AMI.

<p>LVEF: left ventricular systolic ejection fraction; LVDd: left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVPWT: left ventricular posterior wall thickness; IVSTd: inter-ventricular septal thickness in diastole; LAD: left atrium diameter; AoD: aorta dimension. Date presented as mean±SD; Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between periostin level and variables. <i>*p</i><0.05.</p

Association of periostin level with echocardiography parameters and Killip class.

<p>(A) Serum periostin level was in negative correlation with left ventricle ejection fraction in AMI patients (r = −0.472, <i>p</i><0.01). (B) Serum periostin level was in negative correlation with left atrium diameter in AMI patients (r = −0.328, <i>p</i><0.05). (C) Serum periostin level was in positive correlation with Killip class in AMI patients (r = 0.395, <i>p</i><0.01).</p

Effect of serum periostin on cardiovascular outcomes six months post AMI.

<p>Effect of serum periostin on cardiovascular outcomes six months post AMI.</p

Cardiovascular Events of AMI Patients after Six Months Follow Up.

<p>TIA: transient ischemic attack; <i>*p</i><0.05.</p

Association of Serum Periostin with Cardiac Function and Short-Term Prognosis in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients

<div><p>Background</p><p>Periostin was proved to play an important role in extra-cellular matrix remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Myocardial periostin was markedly up-regulated after AMI and participated in the maladaptive process of cardiac remodeling. However, few researches focused on the circulating periostin and its significance. This study aims to investigate the association of serum periostin level with cardiac function and short-term prognosis in AMI patients.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>We totally recruited 50 patients diagnosed as ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Blood samples were taken within 12 hours after the onset of AMI before emergency coronary revascularization procedures. Serum periostin was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All patients received echocardiography examination within one week after hospitalization. Correlations of serum periostin with echocardiography parameters, Killip class and myocardium injury biomarkers (CK-MB/troponin T) were investigated. AMI patients were divided into two groups by serum periostin level (higher/lower periostin group) and followed up for six months. Primary endpoints included cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal stroke/transient ischemic attack, chest pain occurrence and re-hospitalization. Secondary endpoint referred to composite cardiovascular events including all the primary endpoints.</p><p>Result</p><p>Serum periostin was in negative association with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = −0.472, *<i>p</i><0.01) and left atrium diameter (LAD) (r = −0.328, *<i>p</i><0.05). Positive correlation was found between serum periostin level and Killip class (r = 0.395, *<i>p</i><0.01). There was no association between serum periostin and CK-MB or troponin T (<i>p</i>>0.05). After six months follow up, patients in higher periostin group showed increased composite cardiovascular events (*<i>p</i><0.05). Patients showed no significant difference in primary endpoints between the two groups.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>Serum periostin was in negative correlation with LVEF and LAD, in positive association with Killip class and higher serum periostin level may be predictive for worse short-term disease prognosis indicated as more composite cardiovascular events six months post AMI.</p></div

Clinical Characteristics of AMI Patients at follow up.

<p>All determinations were performed in the fasting state.</p><p>ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists; HDLc: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Cr: creatinine; BUN: blood urea nitrogen.</p><p>Date presented as mean±SD.</p

Relationship between Clinical Characteristics and Serum Periostin Level in AMI Patients.

<p>All determinations were performed in the fasting state. CHD: coronary heart disease; HDLc: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Date presented as mean±SD; Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between periostin level and variables.</p

Concentration-response relationships for bladder body strips from control, diabetic-treated rats.

<p>(*<i>P</i><0.01 VS control group, ^▴▴<i>P</i><0.01 VS DM/TENS group, ^▴<i>P</i><0.05 VS DM/TENS group).</p

Urodynamic experimental parameters of rats in each group ( ± S).

<p>DM group and Control group: p<0.01; DM group and DM/TENS group p<0.05; p<0.01.</p><p>DM group and DM/TENS group: p<0.05; p<0.01. DM/TENSDM/TENS group and Control group: p<0.05; p<0.01.</p

Quantification of cAMP concentration of the bladder in rats DRG of each group (**<i>P</i><0.01 VS DM/TENS group, *<i>P</i><0.05 VS DM/TENS group).

<p>Quantification of cAMP concentration of the bladder in rats DRG of each group (**<i>P</i><0.01 VS DM/TENS group, *<i>P</i><0.05 VS DM/TENS group).</p