Effects of different salt-enzymes on opening up of collagen fiber bundles for leather making

Content: Traditional leather industry involves mechanical, chemical and biological processes, and a lot of leather chemicals are widely used annually. In the beamhouse, especially in liming and re-liming, enormous pollution is usually released because of the traditional use of Na2S and lime. Many researchers have devoted to clean production for leather making. In this study, salt-enzyme liming process was studied in modern leather process to remove the inter-fibrillary matter. Three such salts as Na2SO4, NaCl, and MgCl2 were used with such enzymes as neutral protease and cellulase. The enzyme activity was evaluated by Folin Method. The opening up degree of collagen fiber bundles was observed by SEM and microscopic image of histological staining. The waste water was analyzed. The tannin absorptivity of the samples was evaluated by colorimetry. It was demonstrated that enzyme activity is not affected by salt, but it helps the action of enzymes on hides. Salt might accelerate the penetration of enzymes into the hide to promote the removal of inter-fibrillary and the opening up of collagen fiber bundles. The best fiber opening result was found by SEM at the MgCl2 content of more than 0.4 wt.% in liming. Microscopic observation by histological staining as well as waste water analysis indicated a good removing effect for the inter-fibrillary. This work may provide a cleaner leather making technology. Take-Away: 1.Salt-enzyme liming process was studied in modern leather process to remove the inter-fibrillary matter. 2.To provide theoretical guidance for the clean production of leather

Iterative Few-shot Semantic Segmentation from Image Label Text

Few-shot semantic segmentation aims to learn to segment unseen class objects with the guidance of only a few support images. Most previous methods rely on the pixel-level label of support images. In this paper, we focus on a more challenging setting, in which only the image-level labels are available. We propose a general framework to firstly generate coarse masks with the help of the powerful vision-language model CLIP, and then iteratively and mutually refine the mask predictions of support and query images. Extensive experiments on PASCAL-5i and COCO-20i datasets demonstrate that our method not only outperforms the state-of-the-art weakly supervised approaches by a significant margin, but also achieves comparable or better results to recent supervised methods. Moreover, our method owns an excellent generalization ability for the images in the wild and uncommon classes. Code will be available at https://github.com/Whileherham/IMR-HSNet.Comment: ijcai 202

Patients\u27 Acceptance of Smartphone Health Technology for Chronic Disease Management: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Test

Les quatre textes ont en commun de présenter certaines évolutions récentes de l’histoire politique en Allemagne. Ils prennent tous position face à trois tournants historiographiques. La notion d’histoire culturelle du politique peut servir d’emblème au premier de ces tournants : le politique est envisagé non plus comme une succession d’événements ni comme le fruit de déterminations structurelles dont il serait la superstructure ou l’écume, mais comme l’expression de valeurs et de procédures o..

Degradation Effects at the Porous Transport Layer/Catalyst Layer Interface in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer

The porous transport layer (PTL)/catalyst layer (CL) interface plays a crucial role in the achievement of high performance and efficiency in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). This study investigated the effects of the PTL/CL interface on the degradation of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) during a 4000 h test, comparing the MEAs assembled with uncoated and Ir-coated Ti PTLs. Our results show that compared to an uncoated PTL/CL interface, an optimized interface formed when using a platinum group metal (PGM) coating, i.e., an iridium layer at the PTL/CL interface, and reduced the degradation of the MEA. The agglomeration and formation of voids and cracks could be found for both MEAs after the long-term test, but the incorporation of an Ir coating on the PTL did not affect the morphology change or oxidation of IrOx in the catalyst layer. In addition, our studies suggest that the ionomer loss and restructuring of the anodic MEA can also be reduced by Ir coating of the PTL/CL interface. Optimization of the PTL/CL interface improves the performance and durability of a PEMWE

Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis

Resistance to Dopamine agonists therapy is still a key factor that hinders the clinical treatment of prolactinoma. Consequently, a large number of investigations have been carried out to identify novel therapeutic targets. Our previous studies have suggested that the epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis of pituitary adenomas via EGFR/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway. In the present research, we found a positive staining of c-myc intimately associated with high-level EGFL7 in invasive prolactinoma compared to non-invasive prolactinoma and the normal pituitary gland. Meanwhile, PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling cascades closely related to the activation of c-myc. Therefore, this research was conducted to explore the cooperation effect of c-myc and EGFL7 in prolactinoma. The inhibition of c-myc with anti-c-myc antibodies significantly reduced the proliferation, PRL secretion and invasion of rat prolactinoma MMQ cells. Notably, down regulation c-Myc by in vitro administration of anti-c-Myc antibodies could significantly depress EGFL7 induced MMQ cell proliferation, PRL secretion and invasion. An anti-c-Myc antibody could block EGFL7 induced Akt activation, but the expression of p-ERK was not altered by an anti-c-Myc antibody. Thus, our results suggest that anti-c-myc efficacy could block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis via inhibited Akt activation in MMQ cells

Effects of different salt-enzymes on opening up of collagen fiber bundles for leather making

Content: Traditional leather industry involves mechanical, chemical and biological processes, and a lot of leather chemicals are widely used annually. In the beamhouse, especially in liming and re-liming, enormous pollution is usually released because of the traditional use of Na2S and lime. Many researchers have devoted to clean production for leather making. In this study, salt-enzyme liming process was studied in modern leather process to remove the inter-fibrillary matter. Three such salts as Na2SO4, NaCl, and MgCl2 were used with such enzymes as neutral protease and cellulase. The enzyme activity was evaluated by Folin Method. The opening up degree of collagen fiber bundles was observed by SEM and microscopic image of histological staining. The waste water was analyzed. The tannin absorptivity of the samples was evaluated by colorimetry. It was demonstrated that enzyme activity is not affected by salt, but it helps the action of enzymes on hides. Salt might accelerate the penetration of enzymes into the hide to promote the removal of inter-fibrillary and the opening up of collagen fiber bundles. The best fiber opening result was found by SEM at the MgCl2 content of more than 0.4 wt.% in liming. Microscopic observation by histological staining as well as waste water analysis indicated a good removing effect for the inter-fibrillary. This work may provide a cleaner leather making technology. Take-Away: 1.Salt-enzyme liming process was studied in modern leather process to remove the inter-fibrillary matter. 2.To provide theoretical guidance for the clean production of leather

Effect Analysis of Removing Lead and Arsenic from contaminated soil by Selected Eluents

In order to reduceof the amount of lead and arsenic in contaminated soil, CA(citric acid), PA(polyepoxysuccinic acid), MA(malic acid) and EDTA were used to remove as chemical extractor. The experiments showed that the extraction ability of lead was EDTA>CA>MA>PA, and of arsenic was MA>CA>PA=EDTA. The eluents concentration, reaction period and liquid/solid ratio were the key factor of extraction effect. It was evident that the optimal condition was 0.1 mol/L eluent and 2h of extraction period