Implementation Deviation and Correction of the Kindergarten Teacher Qualification System in China

Deviancies such as perfunctoriness, addition, defect and substitution exist in the aspect of kindergarten teacher qualification system in China during its implementation. Implementation deviation of the system stands in the way of achieving institutional objectives, which are certainly a breach of normal institutional order. In the ways of establishing professional group for the recognition of qualifications, perfecting supervision and accountability mechanism, enhancing the operability of kindergarten teacher qualification system and so forth, the effective implementation of kindergarten teacher qualification system in China will then be guaranteed

The Current Situation, Problems and Development Path of Chinese Preschool Pre-Service Teachers Education: The Empirical Research Based on Students’ Satisfaction

Being the first part of integration of preschool teacher’s education, preschool teachers’ pre-service education lays significant foundation for the development of teachers’ education and development of teachers. On the foundation of students’ satisfaction, the research takes quantitative research as the main methods to investigate the fundamental situation of Chinese preschool pre-service teachers’ education. As the result shows, students are not so satisfied with Chinese preschool pre-service teachers education. The main problems are: lacking cares for students and completed life and shortage of the consideration of educational situations. In order to prompt the education of Chinese preschool pre-service teachers education, the value of “students oriented” should be determined, the comprehensive “whole person education” should be realized and the education mode of “experience-inspiration” should be established

Qualitative Research on Structure of Chinese Preschool Children’s Sense of Belonging

The structure of Chinese preschool children’s sense of belonging can be explored locally with the normal form of qualitative study. In order to search for the local structure of preschool children’s sense of belonging, the research adopts the general procedures of fundamental theories, collects materials with open-ended questionnaires, and uses Nvivo 10 qualitative analysis software to code the text. 384 reference points are gained through free coding of 30 texts, which are coded into 53 free nodes, 13 tree nodes, and 6 core nodes, then six elements of preschool children’s sense of belonging structure are initially gained: class identification, self-consciousness, fondness, attachment, involvement, contacting. Hereafter, the scale of Chinese preschool children’s sense of belonging will be compiled by based on this, as well as further exploration for study and validation of universal problems of research conclusion

Researches on China Preschool Education Teachers’ Participatory Training Mode

As the concept of participatory training has been disseminated to pedagogy area, traditional preschool teacher training continuously conflicts with such training of modern mode. In China, in the field of preschool education, participatory training for teachers has been established gradually. This mode is centered on group dynamics to form a constant group dynamics system under the interactive checks and balances of three mechanisms of driving force: the driving force, the cohesive force and the binding force. This thesis mainly elaborates the basic key elements of group structure on the basis of the participatory training mode’s dynamics structure and operation mechanism, and in detail analyzes the main guarantee conditions for healthy operation of the participatory training mode

On the Complexity of Finite-Sum Smooth Optimization under the Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz Condition

This paper considers the optimization problem of the form $\min_{{\bf x}\in{\mathbb R}^d} f({\bf x})\triangleq \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n f_i({\bf x})$, where $f(\cdot)$ satisfies the Polyak--{\L}ojasiewicz (PL) condition with parameter $\mu$ and $\{f_i(\cdot)\}_{i=1}^n$ is $L$-mean-squared smooth. We show that any gradient method requires at least $\Omega(n+\kappa\sqrt{n}\log(1/\epsilon))$ incremental first-order oracle (IFO) calls to find an $\epsilon$-suboptimal solution, where $\kappa\triangleq L/\mu$ is the condition number of the problem. This result nearly matches upper bounds of IFO complexity for best-known first-order methods. We also study the problem of minimizing the PL function in the distributed setting such that the individuals $f_1(\cdot),\dots,f_n(\cdot)$ are located on a connected network of $n$ agents. We provide lower bounds of $\Omega(\kappa/\sqrt{\gamma}\,\log(1/\epsilon))$, $\Omega((\kappa+\tau\kappa/\sqrt{\gamma}\,)\log(1/\epsilon))$ and $\Omega\big(n+\kappa\sqrt{n}\log(1/\epsilon)\big)$ for communication rounds, time cost and local first-order oracle calls respectively, where $\gamma\in(0,1]$ is the spectral gap of the mixing matrix associated with the network and~$\tau>0$ is the time cost of per communication round. Furthermore, we propose a decentralized first-order method that nearly matches above lower bounds in expectation

Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Drug/Toxicant Interactions as Novel Targets of Chronopharmacology and Chronotoxicology

Circadian rhythms are driven and maintained by circadian clock gene networks in both brain and peripheral organs. In the liver, circadian rhythms produce oscillation in drug Phase-I, Phase-II, and Phase-III (transporters) metabolism genes, which in turn would affect drug disposition and detoxication, resulting in diurnal variations of efficacy and toxicity when drugs are given at different times of the day. On the other hand, drugs and toxicants could affect circadian clock gene expression to produce biological effects leading to therapeutic or toxic outcomes. This chapter reviewed the relevant literature and a dozen of publications from our work, discussed the interactions of circadian clock genes with drugs and/or toxicants to better understand the importance of circadian clock gene expression as novel targets in Pharmacology and Toxicology