279 research outputs found
Evaluation of oral Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine via passive transfusion with CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes
AbstractLanzhou Lamb derived Rotavirus (RV) Vaccine (namely LLR) for children is only used in China. Since there were no reports on evaluation of LLR, even the data of phase IV clinical trial, we proceed the evaluation of LLR through focusing on T-cell to investigate whether LLR could induce the potential function involving in protection as a vaccine. Four groups of nude mice were transfused with CD4+/CD8+ T-cells isolated from LLR-immunized (primed) and LLR-unimmunized (naïve) mice via intraperitonea (i.p.) respectively. Consequently, the adoption mice were challenged with mice-origin wild rotavirus EDIM (Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice) by intragastric administration. Series of fecal/serum samples were collected and viral shedding, then serum IgA/IgG and secreted IgA were assayed. Compared to the mice transfused with T lymphocytes from naïve mice, the nude mice transfused with CD4+ T lymphocytes from primed mice induce fecal and serum IgA increasing more rapidly, and have a shorter duration of virus shedding too. Whereas, no significant difference in virus clearance was found between the mice transfused with CD8+ T lymphocytes isolated from primed and naïve mice. Therefore, we cleared the distinct roles of transfused CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes for rotavirus clearance in nude mice, that the viral clearance conducted by CD4+ T lymphocytes. Meanwhile, it has ability to help induction of LLR specific immunogenicity. Comparing with the transfusion of cell from primed and naïve mice, LLR can induce CD4+ T lymphocytes memory which is a potential index to reflect the immunogenicity and protection, while CD8+ T lymphocytes remove rotavirus by CTL with little memory ability
LeCaRDv2: A Large-Scale Chinese Legal Case Retrieval Dataset
As an important component of intelligent legal systems, legal case retrieval
plays a critical role in ensuring judicial justice and fairness. However, the
development of legal case retrieval technologies in the Chinese legal system is
restricted by three problems in existing datasets: limited data size, narrow
definitions of legal relevance, and naive candidate pooling strategies used in
data sampling. To alleviate these issues, we introduce LeCaRDv2, a large-scale
Legal Case Retrieval Dataset (version 2). It consists of 800 queries and 55,192
candidates extracted from 4.3 million criminal case documents. To the best of
our knowledge, LeCaRDv2 is one of the largest Chinese legal case retrieval
datasets, providing extensive coverage of criminal charges. Additionally, we
enrich the existing relevance criteria by considering three key aspects:
characterization, penalty, procedure. This comprehensive criteria enriches the
dataset and may provides a more holistic perspective. Furthermore, we propose a
two-level candidate set pooling strategy that effectively identify potential
candidates for each query case. It's important to note that all cases in the
dataset have been annotated by multiple legal experts specializing in criminal
law. Their expertise ensures the accuracy and reliability of the annotations.
We evaluate several state-of-the-art retrieval models at LeCaRDv2,
demonstrating that there is still significant room for improvement in legal
case retrieval. The details of LeCaRDv2 can be found at the anonymous website
https://github.com/anonymous1113243/LeCaRDv2
Turning Social Capital into Economic Capital: the Sales Effect of Friendship Group Participation in Social Commerce Websites
Linking ecosystem services and circuit theory to identify ecological security patterns
The rapid process of urbanization, accompanied by the sharp increase of urban population and expansion of artificial surface, has resulted in the loss of natural ecosystems and the degradation of ecosystem services. Identifying and protecting key places that have high importance for ecological sustainability are great challenges. Ecological security patterns are such an integrated approach to protecting regional ecological sustainability. In this study, taking Yunnan Province, China as a case study area, ecological sources were identified through ecosystem services, and circuit theory was used to model ecosystem processes in heterogeneous landscapes via calculating the ‘resistance’ or ‘current’, and thus to identify ecological corridors and key ecological nodes. The results showed that, ecological security patterns included 66 ecological sources, 186 ecological corridors, 24 pinch-points and 10 barriers. In details, the ecological sources were mainly distributed in the southwest and northwest of Yunnan Province, with the ecological corridors locating along the high mountains, and both ecological sources and corridors were mostly covered with forest land. Pinch-points covered by forest land and cultivated land, were distributed in the middle of Yunnan Province along the rivers. Approximately 75.9% nature reserves were located in the identified ecological sources, and the remainings were mainly distributed in eastern Yunnan Province with small area, showing the effectiveness in identifying ecological security patterns. Among 81 projects of low–slope hill development carried out in Yunnan Province, 46.9% showed potential human stress on regional ecological security. Based on ecosystem services and circuit theory, this study provides a new approach to identifying the spatial range of ecological corridors and the specific location of key nodes for effective ecological conservation and restoration
Design and Performance Research on Dual Layer Cement Based Absorber Reinforced with Graphene Nanosheets and Manganese-zinc Ferrite
Dual layer cement-based absorber is synthesized by mixing with graphene nanosheets and manganese-zinc ferrite, to study the effect of absorbing filler content on the mechanical properties, microstructure, electrical resistivity and reflectivity of the paste. The microstructure of the absorber is seen by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) curves of the absorber. The results show that graphene nanosheets significantly reduce the electrical resistivity of paste, increasing its mechanical properties by improving its pore structure. SEM images indicate that graphene nanosheets promote the increase and coarsening of cement hydration products and produce a large number of dense bulk crystals. Furthermore, reflectivity measurements show that the minimum reflectivity of – 14.1 dB is obtained in the range of 2 ~ 18 GHz and the effective bandwidth of 16 GHz is obtained when reflectivity is less than – 7 dB. This study provides a new method for the preparation of dual layer cement-based absorber
An Intent Taxonomy of Legal Case Retrieval
Legal case retrieval is a special Information Retrieval~(IR) task focusing on
legal case documents. Depending on the downstream tasks of the retrieved case
documents, users' information needs in legal case retrieval could be
significantly different from those in Web search and traditional ad-hoc
retrieval tasks. While there are several studies that retrieve legal cases
based on text similarity, the underlying search intents of legal retrieval
users, as shown in this paper, are more complicated than that yet mostly
unexplored. To this end, we present a novel hierarchical intent taxonomy of
legal case retrieval. It consists of five intent types categorized by three
criteria, i.e., search for Particular Case(s), Characterization, Penalty,
Procedure, and Interest. The taxonomy was constructed transparently and
evaluated extensively through interviews, editorial user studies, and query log
analysis. Through a laboratory user study, we reveal significant differences in
user behavior and satisfaction under different search intents in legal case
retrieval. Furthermore, we apply the proposed taxonomy to various downstream
legal retrieval tasks, e.g., result ranking and satisfaction prediction, and
demonstrate its effectiveness. Our work provides important insights into the
understanding of user intents in legal case retrieval and potentially leads to
better retrieval techniques in the legal domain, such as intent-aware ranking
strategies and evaluation methodologies.Comment: 28 pages, work in proces
CG-fusion CAM: Online segmentation of laser-induced damage on large-aperture optics
Online segmentation of laser-induced damage on large-aperture optics in
high-power laser facilities is challenged by complicated damage morphology,
uneven illumination and stray light interference. Fully supervised semantic
segmentation algorithms have achieved state-of-the-art performance, but rely on
plenty of pixel-level labels, which are time-consuming and labor-consuming to
produce. LayerCAM, an advanced weakly supervised semantic segmentation
algorithm, can generate pixel-accurate results using only image-level labels,
but its scattered and partially under-activated class activation regions
degrade segmentation performance. In this paper, we propose a weakly supervised
semantic segmentation method with Continuous Gradient CAM and its nonlinear
multi-scale fusion (CG-fusion CAM). The method redesigns the way of
back-propagating gradients and non-linearly activates the multi-scale fused
heatmaps to generate more fine-grained class activation maps with appropriate
activation degree for different sizes of damage sites. Experiments on our
dataset show that the proposed method can achieve segmentation performance
comparable to that of fully supervised algorithms
SAILER: Structure-aware Pre-trained Language Model for Legal Case Retrieval
Legal case retrieval, which aims to find relevant cases for a query case,
plays a core role in the intelligent legal system. Despite the success that
pre-training has achieved in ad-hoc retrieval tasks, effective pre-training
strategies for legal case retrieval remain to be explored. Compared with
general documents, legal case documents are typically long text sequences with
intrinsic logical structures. However, most existing language models have
difficulty understanding the long-distance dependencies between different
structures. Moreover, in contrast to the general retrieval, the relevance in
the legal domain is sensitive to key legal elements. Even subtle differences in
key legal elements can significantly affect the judgement of relevance.
However, existing pre-trained language models designed for general purposes
have not been equipped to handle legal elements.
To address these issues, in this paper, we propose SAILER, a new
Structure-Aware pre-traIned language model for LEgal case Retrieval. It is
highlighted in the following three aspects: (1) SAILER fully utilizes the
structural information contained in legal case documents and pays more
attention to key legal elements, similar to how legal experts browse legal case
documents. (2) SAILER employs an asymmetric encoder-decoder architecture to
integrate several different pre-training objectives. In this way, rich semantic
information across tasks is encoded into dense vectors. (3) SAILER has powerful
discriminative ability, even without any legal annotation data. It can
distinguish legal cases with different charges accurately. Extensive
experiments over publicly available legal benchmarks demonstrate that our
approach can significantly outperform previous state-of-the-art methods in
legal case retrieval.Comment: 10 pages, accepted by SIGIR 202
Intestinal homeostasis in the gut-lung-kidney axis: a prospective therapeutic target in immune-related chronic kidney diseases
In recent years, the role of intestinal homeostasis in health has received increasing interest, significantly improving our understanding of the complex pathophysiological interactions of the gut with other organs. Microbiota dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier, and aberrant intestinal immunity appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of immune-related chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Meanwhile, the relationship between the pathological changes in the respiratory tract (e.g., infection, fibrosis, granuloma) and immune-related CKD cannot be ignored. The present review aimed to elucidate the new underlying mechanism of immune-related CKD. The lungs may affect kidney function through intestinal mediation. Communication is believed to exist between the gut and lung microbiota across long physiological distances. Following the inhalation of various pathogenic factors (e.g., particulate matter 2.5 mum or less in diameter, pathogen) in the air through the mouth and nose, considering the anatomical connection between the nasopharynx and lungs, gut microbiome regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory states in the lungs and kidneys. Meanwhile, the intestine participates in the differentiation of T cells and promotes the migration of various immune cells to specific organs. This better explain the occurrence and progression of CKD caused by upper respiratory tract precursor infection and suggests the relationship between the lungs and kidney complications in some autoimmune diseases (e.g., anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies -associated vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus). CKD can also affect the progression of lung diseases (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). We conclude that damage to the gut barrier appears to contribute to the development of immune-related CKD through gut-lung-kidney interplay, leading us to establish the gut-lung-kidney axis hypothesis. Further, we discuss possible therapeutic interventions and targets. For example, using prebiotics, probiotics, and laxatives (e.g., Rhubarb officinale) to regulate the gut ecology to alleviate oxidative stress, as well as improve the local immune system of the intestine and immune communication with the lungs and kidneys
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