Part-aware Prototype Network for Few-shot Semantic Segmentation

Few-shot semantic segmentation aims to learn to segment new object classes with only a few annotated examples, which has a wide range of real-world applications. Most existing methods either focus on the restrictive setting of one-way few-shot segmentation or suffer from incomplete coverage of object regions. In this paper, we propose a novel few-shot semantic segmentation framework based on the prototype representation. Our key idea is to decompose the holistic class representation into a set of part-aware prototypes, capable of capturing diverse and fine-grained object features. In addition, we propose to leverage unlabeled data to enrich our part-aware prototypes, resulting in better modeling of intra-class variations of semantic objects. We develop a novel graph neural network model to generate and enhance the proposed part-aware prototypes based on labeled and unlabeled images. Extensive experimental evaluations on two benchmarks show that our method outperforms the prior art with a sizable margin.Comment: ECCV-202

The Impact of Wire Stent Fabrication Technique on the Performance of Stent Placement

Braided wire stents demonstrate distinct characteristics compared to welded ones. In this study, both braided and welded wire stents with the same nominal dimensions were crimped inside a sheath and then deployed into a stenosed artery using finite element analysis. The braided wire stent was generated by overlapping wires to form crisscross shape. A welded wire stent was created by welding the intersection points of wires to avoid sliding between wires. The effect of fabrication technique on mechanical behavior of Nitinol wire stents was evaluated. The results showed that relative sliding between wires reduced the deformation of the braided stent, which led to less radial strength than the welded one; therefore, the deployed braided stent was more conformed to the anatomic shape of the lesion and much less efficient for restoring the patency of the stenotic artery. Post balloon-dilation was commonly used to improve its performance in terms of lumen gain and deployed shape of the stent. On the contrary, the welded wire stent exhibited a high capacity for pushing the occlusion outward. It reached an approximately uniform shape after deployment. The welded joints caused larger deformation and high strain on the stent struts, which indicate a potential earlier failure for the welded stent. In addition, higher contact pressure at the stent-lesion interface and higher arterial stresses were observed in the artery supported by the welded stent. The peak stress concentration may increase the occurrence of neointimal hyperplasia

Neo-sex chromosomes in the black muntjac recapitulate incipient evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes

The nascent neo-sex chromosomes of black muntjacs show that regulatory mutations could accelerate the degeneration of the Y chromosome and contribute to the further evolution of dosage compensation

PPT: token-Pruned Pose Transformer for monocular and multi-view human pose estimation

Recently, the vision transformer and its variants have played an increasingly important role in both monocular and multi-view human pose estimation. Considering image patches as tokens, transformers can model the global dependencies within the entire image or across images from other views. However, global attention is computationally expensive. As a consequence, it is difficult to scale up these transformer-based methods to high-resolution features and many views. In this paper, we propose the token-Pruned Pose Transformer (PPT) for 2D human pose estimation, which can locate a rough human mask and performs self-attention only within selected tokens. Furthermore, we extend our PPT to multi-view human pose estimation. Built upon PPT, we propose a new cross-view fusion strategy, called human area fusion, which considers all human foreground pixels as corresponding candidates. Experimental results on COCO and MPII demonstrate that our PPT can match the accuracy of previous pose transformer methods while reducing the computation. Moreover, experiments on Human 3.6M and Ski-Pose demonstrate that our Multi-view PPT can efficiently fuse cues from multiple views and achieve new state-of-the-art results.Comment: ECCV 2022. Code is available at https://github.com/HowieMa/PP

Identity-Aware Hand Mesh Estimation and Personalization from RGB Images

Reconstructing 3D hand meshes from monocular RGB images has attracted increasing amount of attention due to its enormous potential applications in the field of AR/VR. Most state-of-the-art methods attempt to tackle this task in an anonymous manner. Specifically, the identity of the subject is ignored even though it is practically available in real applications where the user is unchanged in a continuous recording session. In this paper, we propose an identity-aware hand mesh estimation model, which can incorporate the identity information represented by the intrinsic shape parameters of the subject. We demonstrate the importance of the identity information by comparing the proposed identity-aware model to a baseline which treats subject anonymously. Furthermore, to handle the use case where the test subject is unseen, we propose a novel personalization pipeline to calibrate the intrinsic shape parameters using only a few unlabeled RGB images of the subject. Experiments on two large scale public datasets validate the state-of-the-art performance of our proposed method.Comment: ECCV 2022. Github https://github.com/deyingk/PersonalizedHandMeshEstimatio

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 is a novel target in micoRNA-195-mediated cell cycle arrest in bladder cancer cells

AbstractmiRNAs are a class of small-noncoding RNAs capable of negatively regulating gene expression. Here, we found that miR-195 is down-regulated in human bladder cancer tissue versus normal adjacent tissue. To better characterize the role of miR-195 in bladder cancer, we conducted gain of function analysis by transfecting bladder cancer cell line T24 with chemically synthesized miR-195 mimic. We identified CDK4, an early G1 cell cycle regulator, as a novel target of miR-195. Selective over-expression of miR-195 could induce G1-phase arrest in T24 cells, and subsequently inhibit T24 cell growth. These findings indicate that miR-195 could be a potential tumor suppressor in bladder cancer