Towards a Systematic Framework for the Modelling of the Allocation of Carbon Dioxide Emission Quotas in China

The needs for effectively controlling carbon dioxide emissions and properly allocating carbon dioxide emission permits or allowances in China have never been so great. In this paper, a systematic multi-agent-based framework for the modelling and analysis of the allocation of carbon dioxide emission quotas in China is proposed. A carbon trading market model as the core of the activities of allocation management is constructed and discussed. In addition, examples of the modelling and simulation work are presented

MyD88 is pivotal for immune recognition of Citrobacter koseri and astrocyte activation during CNS infection†

Citrobacter koseri (C. koseri) is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause a highly aggressive form of neonatal meningitis, which often progresses to establish multi-focal brain abscesses. The roles of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its signaling adaptor MyD88 during CNS C. koseri infection have not yet been examined, which is important since recent evidence indicates that innate immune responses are tailored towards specific pathogen classes. Here TLR4 WT (C3H/FeJ) and TLR4 mutant (C3H/HeJ) mice as well as MyD88 KO animals were infected intracerebrally with live C. koseri, resulting in meningitis and ventriculitis with accompanying brain abscess formation. MyD88 KO mice were exquisitely sensitive to C. koseri, demonstrating enhanced mortality rates and significantly elevated bacterial burdens compared to WT animals. Interestingly, although early proinflammatory mediator release (i.e. 12 h) was MyD88-dependent, a role for MyD88-independent signaling was evident at 24 h, revealing a compensatory response to CNS C. koseri infection. In contrast, TLR4 did not significantly impact bacterial burdens or proinflammatory mediator production in response to C. koseri. Similar findings were obtained with primary astrocytes, where MyD88-dependent pathways were essential for chemokine release in response to intact C. koseri, whereas TLR4 was dispensable; implicating the involvement of alternative TLRs since highly enriched astrocytes did not produce IL-1 upon bacterial exposure, which also signals via MyD88. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance of MyD88-dependent mechanisms in eliciting maximal proinflammatory responses, astrocyte activation, and bacterial containment during CNS C. koseri infection, as well as a late-phase MyD88-independent signaling pathway for cytokine/chemokine production

Pelvic Floor Ultrasound Evaluation of the Impact of Delivery Times and Delivery Methods on the Anterior Pelvic Cavity

Objective: To evaluate the impact of delivery frequency and delivery method on the anterior pelvic cavity using pelvic floor ultrasound. Method: 200 women who gave birth in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected as the research subjects, including 100 first-time vaginal delivery women, 50 second-time vaginal delivery women, and 50 cesarean section women each. The control group consisted of 100 women who underwent a 15 day follow-up examination after the first artificial abortion surgery in our hospital during the same period. The patients were divided into a control group, a first-time delivery group, a second-time delivery group, and a cesarean section group. Observing the changes in the anterior pelvic structure during resting state and maximum Valsalva movement through perineal ultrasound examination. Result: The distance from the bladder neck to the reference line in the resting state was significantly different between the control group, cesarean section group, first vaginal delivery group, and second vaginal delivery group (P<0.05); During the maximum Valsalva maneuver, the detection rate of bladder neck mobility, urethral rotation angle, posterior angle of bladder, and funneling of internal urethral orifice, the second vaginal delivery group, the first vaginal delivery group>the cesarean section group>the control group, and the difference between each group was statistically significant (P<0.05). During the maximum Valsalva maneuver in the first and second vaginal delivery groups, the lowest point of the bladder was located below the reference line, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05); During the maximum Valsalva maneuver in the cesarean section group and control group, the lowest point of the bladder was located on the reference line, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05); The difference between the vaginal delivery group and the cesarean section and control group was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Different birth times and delivery methods have varying degrees of impact on the anterior pelvic cavity of women. Pelvic floor ultrasound can early evaluate these structural changes and provide reliable basis for the screening and diagnosis of pelvic floor dysfunction disease (PFD)

Clinical Application of Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy

Objective: To analyze the clinical application of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Method: 100 suspected prostate cancer patients admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected and underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Based on the pathological results of the surgery, the disease detection rate (such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial tumor, prostate cancer, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, etc.), visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and Complication rate (hematuria, urinary retention, fever, vasovagal reflex, etc.), diagnostic efficacy (sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic coincidence rate, misdiagnosis rate, missed diagnosis rate, negative predictive value, positive predictive value). Result: According to the surgical and pathological results, there were 33 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, 11 cases of prostatic intraepithelial tumors, 7 cases of prostate cancer, and 17 cases of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. The patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy included 33 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, 11 cases of prostatic intraepithelial tumors, 7 cases of prostate cancer, and 7 cases of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, with a disease detection rate of 98% (98/100); The patient's VAS score is (2.13 ± 0.45) points, and the incidence of complications is 3% (3/100); The sensitivity of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy was 92.50% (30/33), specificity was 90.47% (57/63), diagnostic accuracy was 94% (94/100), misdiagnosis rate was 3.17% (2/63), missed diagnosis rate was 9.09% (3/33), negative predictive value was 95% (67/70), and positive predictive value was 92.85% (26/28). Conclusion Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy for prostate cancer has high diagnostic accuracy, low incidence of complications such as hematuria and urinary retention, light pain and high application value

Predictive Effect of Pelvic Floor Ultrasound Parameters on Stress Urinary Incontinence After Cesarean Section

Objective: To explore the predictive effect of pelvic floor ultrasound parameters on stress urinary incontinence after cesarean section. Methods: The pregnant women who underwent cesarean section in our hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Fifty pregnant women with SUI within 6 months after delivery were selected as the study subjects in the experimental group. However, 50 patients who underwent cesarean section for 6 months after delivery and did not initially choose SUI were selected as the control group study subjects. The experimental content was to observe the probability of PUA, BNS, LHA, BND, URA in two groups of pregnant women under resting state. To analyze the predictive effect of ultrasound parameters on SUI after cesarean section. Results: There was no significant difference in PUA and LHA between the two groups of pregnant women at rest (P>0.05); The BNS in the resting state and the maximum Valsalva state in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Through comprehensive collection of six data, it is possible to summarize the predictive role of pelvic floor ultrasound parameters for stress urinary incontinence after cesarean section. The data obtained by the combined diagnosis method is significantly higher than the single prediction data. Conclusion: Basin ultrasound parameters have a high predictive value for postpartum SUI after cesarean section, and combining ultrasound parameters can improve the diagnostic efficacy of postpartum SUI after cesarean section