Energy Minimization for Active RIS-Aided UAV-Enabled SWIPT Systems

In this paper, we consider an active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-enabled simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT) system with multiple ground users. Compared with the conventional passive RIS, the active RIS deploying the internally integrated amplifiers can offset part of the multiplicative fading. In this system, we deal with an optimization problem of minimizing the total energy cost of the UAV. Specifically, we alternately optimize the trajectories, the hovering time, and the reflection vectors at the active RIS by using the successive convex approximation (SCA) method. Simulation results show that the active RIS performs better in energy saving than the conventional passive RIS.Comment: Keywords:Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), active RIS, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), successive convex approximation (SCA

Evaluation of the Immune Response of Patulin by Proteomics.

Patulin, an emerging mycotoxin with high toxicity, poses great risks to public health. Considering the poor antibody production in patulin immunization, this study focuses on the four-dimensional data-independent acquisition (4D-DIA) quantitative proteomics to reveal the immune response of patulin in rabbits. The rabbit immunization was performed with the complete developed antigens of patulin, followed by the identification of the immune serum. A total of 554 differential proteins, including 292 up-regulated proteins and 262 down-regulated proteins, were screened; the differential proteins were annotated; and functional enrichment analysis was performed. The differential proteins were associated with the pathways of metabolism, gene information processing, environmental information processing, cellular processes, and organismal systems. The functional enrichment analysis indicated that the immunization procedures mostly resulted in the regulation of biochemical metabolic and signal transduction pathways, including the biosynthesis of amino acid (glycine, serine, and threonine), ascorbate, and aldarate metabolism; fatty acid degradation; and antigen processing and presentation. The 14 key proteins with high connectivity included G1U9T1, B6V9S9, G1SCN8, G1TMS5, G1U9U0, A0A0G2JH20, G1SR03, A0A5F9DAT4, G1SSA2, G1SZ14, G1T670, P30947, P29694, and A0A5F9C804, which were obtained by the analysis of protein-protein interaction networks. This study could provide potential directions for protein interaction and antibody production for food hazards in animal immunization

Research Progress on Inhibition of Recrystallization of Ice Cream Crystals

Ice cream has the characteristic of thermodynamic instability. During processing, storage, transportation, and sales, temperature fluctuations cause recrystallization of ice crystals and then increase the average size of ice crystals, which leads to rough texture and poor taste of ice cream. Therefore, inhibiting the recrystallization of ice crystals in ice cream is the key to ensure the quality of ice cream. This paper reviews the formation mechanism and research progress of supercooling, nucleation, growth and recrystallization of ice crystals during freezing. The inhibitory effects of emulsifiers, stabilizers, sweeteners, and proteins in ice cream raw materials on ice crystal recrystallization are introduced in detail. Meanwhile, it also list the contents of freezing technologies such as ultrasonic assisted freezing, magnetic field assisted freezing, high-pressure assisted freezing, and electric field assisted freezing to inhibit ice cream recrystallization. The development direction of that is prospected, which provides a theoretical reference for adapting to the trend of online sales, developing new ice cream products and solving the problem of its crystal recrystallization

Poly[di-μ9-citrato-cobalt(II)tetra­sodium]

The title compound, [CoNa4(C6H5O7)2]n, was obtained under hydro­thermal conditions as a minor product. The Co2+ cation is located on a crystallographic inversion center and is coordinated by six O atoms from two different citrate units, forming a [Co(C6H5O7)2]4− building unit with Co—O bond lengths between 2.0578 (17) and 2.0813 (16) Å. The structure features two crystallographically independent Na+ ions. The first Na+ cation is five-coordinated by O atoms of five carboxylate groups from four different citrate anions. The second Na+ cation is surrounded by six O atoms of five carboxylate groups from five different citrate anions. The carboxylate groups of the citrate are completely depronona­ted, the hydroxyl group, however, is not. It is coordinated to the Co2+ cation, and through an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond connected to a neighboring [Co(C6H5O7)2]4− building unit. The coordination modes of the carboxyl­ate O atoms vary, with one O atom being coordinated to three different Na+ cations, three are bridging O atoms bound to two Na+ cations and two are connected to a Co2+ cation and a Na+ cation, respectively. Through these inter­connections, the basic [Co(C6H5O7)2]4− building units are linked with each other through coordination of their carboxyl­ate groups to the Na+ cations, forming a three-dimensional framework

From Castor Oil‐Based Multifunctional Polyols to Waterborne Polyurethanes: Synthesis and Properties

Abstract A novel castor oil‐based multifunctional polyol (CM) is fabricated through mild thiol‐ene photo induced reactions using castor oil (CO) and 1‐thioglycerol (MPD) as building blocks. The effect of the reaction time, molar ratio of thiol to carbon–carbon double bond, and the loadings of photo‐initiator are optimized. The resulting CM is combined with CO and employed as cross‐linkers to prepare castor oil‐based water‐borne polyurethane emulsion with desirable mechanical properties and water resistance. Owing to the incorporation of CM cross‐linker with high hydroxyl value of 371 mg KOH/g (which is 2.27 times higher than that of the CO), the prepared castor oil‐based waterborne polyurethane (CMWPU) possesses compacted 3D network structure with high cross‐linking degree, leading to improved glass transition temperature (45 °C), tensile strength (10.8 MPa), water contact angle (87.4°), and decreased water absorption rate (16.12%) with 20% CM additions. Overall, this work illustrates the feasibility of introducing bio renewable CM combined with CO to develop castor oil‐based WPU employing a sustainable development strategy

Fetal hyperechoic kidney cohort study and a meta-analysis

Objective: To investigate the positive rate of chromosomal and monogenic etiologies and pregnancy outcomes in fetuses with hyperechoic kidney, and to provide more information for genetic counseling and prognosis evaluation.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 25 cases of hyperechoic kidney diagnosed prenatal in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and Harbin Red Cross Central Hospital (January 2017–December 2022). Furthermore, we conducted a meta-analysis of a series of hyperechoic kidneys (HEK) in the literature to assess the incidence of chromosomal and monogenic etiologies, mortality, and pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates of the association between the incidence of these outcomes and other associated ultrasound abnormalities.Results: 25 fetuses of HEK were enrolled in the cohort study, including 14 with isolated hyperechoic kidney (IHK) and 11 with non-isolated hyperechoic kidney (NIHK). Chromosomal aneuploidies were detected in 4 of 20 patients (20%). The detection rate of pathogenic or suspected pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) was 29% (4/14) for IHK and 37% (4/11) for NIHK. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 5 fetuses, and pathogenic genes were detected in all of them. The rate of termination of pregnancy was 56% in HEK. 21 studies including 1,178 fetuses were included in the meta-analysis. No case of abnormal chromosome karyotype or (intrauterine death)IUD was reported in fetuses with IHK. In contrast, the positive rate of karyotype in NIHK was 22% and that in HEK was 20%, with the ORs of 0.28 (95% CI 0.16–0.51) and 0.25, (95% CI 0.14–0.44), respectively. The positive rate of (chromosome microarray analysis) CMA in IHK was 59% and that in NIHK was 32%, with the ORs of 1.46 (95% CI 1.33–1.62) and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.28–0.85), respectively. The positive rate of monogenic etiologies in IHK was 31%, with the OR of 0.80 (95% CI 0.25–2.63). In IHK, the termination rate was 21% and neonatal mortality was 13%, with the ORs of 0.26 (95% CI, 0.17–0.40), 1.72 (95% CI, 1.59–1.86), and that in NIHK was 63%, 0.15 (95% CI, 0.10–0.24); 11%, 0.12 (95% CI, 0.06–0.26), respectively. The intrauterine mortality in NIHK group was 2%, with the OR of 0.02 (95% CI, 0.01–0.05). HNF1B variant has the highest incidence (26%) in IHK.Conclusion: The positive rate of karyotype was 20% in HEK and 22% in NIHK. The positive rate of CMA was 32% in NIHK and 59% in IHK. The positive rate of IHK monogenic etiologies was 31%. HNF1B gene variation is the most common cause of IHK. The overall fetal mortality rate of NIHK is significantly higher than that of IHK. The amount of amniotic fluid, kidney size and the degree of corticomedullary differentiation have a great impact on the prognosis, these indicators should be taken into consideration to guide clinical consultation and decision-making

In-orbit background simulation of a type-B CATCH satellite

The Chasing All Transients Constellation Hunters (CATCH) space mission plans to launch three types of micro-satellites (A, B, and C). The type-B CATCH satellites are dedicated to locating transients and detecting their time-dependent energy spectra. A type-B satellite is equipped with lightweight Wolter-I X-ray optics and an array of position-sensitive multi-pixel Silicon Drift Detectors. To optimize the scientific payloads for operating properly in orbit and performing the observations with high sensitivities, this work performs an in-orbit background simulation of a type-B CATCH satellite using the Geant4 toolkit. It shows that the persistent background is dominated by the cosmic X-ray diffuse background and the cosmic-ray protons. The dynamic background is also estimated considering trapped charged particles in the radiation belts and low-energy charged particles near the geomagnetic equator, which is dominated by the incident electrons outside the aperture. The simulated persistent background within the focal spot is used to estimate the observation sensitivity, i.e. 4.22$\times$10$^{-13}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ with an exposure of 10$^{4}$ s and a Crab-like source spectrum, which can be utilized further to optimize the shielding design. The simulated in-orbit background also suggests that the magnetic diverter just underneath the optics may be unnecessary in this kind of micro-satellites, because the dynamic background induced by charged particles outside the aperture is around 3 orders of magnitude larger than that inside the aperture.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in Experimental Astronom

The mHz quasi-regular modulations of 4U 1630--47 during its 1998 outburst

We present the results of a detailed timing and spectral analysis of the quasi-regular modulation (QRM) phenomenon in the black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630--47 during its 1998 outburst observed by Rossi X-ray Timing Explore (RXTE). We find that the $\sim$ 50-110 mHz QRM is flux dependent, and the QRM is detected with simultaneous low frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (LFQPOs). According to the behavior of the power density spectrum, we divide the observations into four groups. In the first group, namely behavior A, LFQPOs are detected, but no mHz QRM. The second group, namely behavior B, a QRM with frequency above $\sim$ 88 mHz is detected and the $\sim$ 5 Hz and $\sim$ 7 Hz LFQPOs are almost overlapping. In the third group, namely behavior C, the QRM frequency below $\sim$ 88 mHz is detected and the LFQPOs are significantly separated. In the forth group, namely behavior D, neither QRM nor LFQPOs are detected. We study the energy-dependence of the fractional rms, centroid frequency, and phase-lag of QRM and LFQPOs for behavior B and C. We then study the evolution of QRM and find that the frequency of QRM increases with hardness, while its rms decreases with hardness. We also analyze the spectra of each observation, and find that the QRM rms of behavior B has a positive correlation with $\rm F_{\rm powerlaw}$ / $\rm F_{\rm total}$. Finally, we give our understanding for this mHz QRM phenomena.Comment: 14pages, 15 figure