238,121 research outputs found
Dense blocks of energetic ions driven by multi-petawatt lasers
Laser-driven ion accelerators have the advantages of compact size, high
density, and short bunch duration over conventional accelerators. Nevertheless,
it is still challenging to simultaneously enhance the yield and quality of
laser-driven ion beams for practical applications. Here we propose a scheme to
address this challenge via the use of emerging multi-petawatt lasers and a
density-modulated target. The density-modulated target permits its ions to be
uniformly accelerated as a dense block by laser radiation pressure. In
addition, the beam quality of the accelerated ions is remarkably improved by
embedding the target in a thick enough substrate, which suppresses hot electron
refluxing and thus alleviates plasma heating. Particle-in-cell simulations
demonstrate that almost all ions in a solid-density plasma of a few microns can
be uniformly accelerated to about 25% of the speed of light by a laser pulse at
an intensity around 1022 W/cm2. The resulting dense block of energetic ions may
drive fusion ignition and more generally create matter with unprecedented high
energy density.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure
Quantum Statistical Entropy and Minimal Length of 5D Ricci-flat Black String with Generalized Uncertainty Principle
In this paper, we study the quantum statistical entropy in a 5D Ricci-flat
black string solution, which contains a 4D Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole
on the brane, by using the improved thin-layer method with the generalized
uncertainty principle. The entropy is the linear sum of the areas of the event
horizon and the cosmological horizon without any cut-off and any constraint on
the bulk's configuration rather than the usual uncertainty principle. The
system's density of state and free energy are convergent in the neighborhood of
horizon. The small-mass approximation is determined by the asymptotic behavior
of metric function near horizons. Meanwhile, we obtain the minimal length of
the position which is restrained by the surface gravities and the
thickness of layer near horizons.Comment: 11pages and this work is dedicated to the memory of Professor Hongya
Li
Quasi-local energy and the choice of reference
A quasi-local energy for Einstein's general relativity is defined by the
value of the preferred boundary term in the covariant Hamiltonian formalism.
The boundary term depends upon a choice of reference and a time-like
displacement vector field (which can be associated with an observer) on the
boundary of the region. Here we analyze the spherical symmetric cases. For the
obvious analytic choice of reference based on the metric components, we find
that this technique gives the same quasi-local energy values using several
standard coordinate systems and yet can give different values in some other
coordinate systems. For the homogeneous-isotropic cosmologies, the energy can
be non-positive, and one case which is actually flat space has a negative
energy. As an alternative, we introduce a way to determine the choice of both
the reference and displacement by extremizing the energy. This procedure gives
the same value for the energy in different coordinate systems for the
Schwarzschild space, and a non-negative value for the cosmological models, with
zero energy for the dynamic cosmology which is actually Minkowski space. The
timelike displacement vector comes out to be the dual mean curvature vector of
the two-boundary.Comment: 21 pages; revised version to appear in CQ
Performance Analysis of Iteratively Decoded Variable-Length Space-Time Coded Modulation
It is demonstrated that iteratively Decoded Variable Length Space Time Coded Modulation (VL-STCM-ID) schemes are capable of simultaneously providing both coding gain as well as multiplexing and diversity gain. The VL-STCM-ID arrangement is a jointly designed iteratively decoded scheme combining source coding, channel coding, modulation as well as spatial diversity/multiplexing. In this contribution, we analyse the iterative decoding convergence of the VL-STCM-ID scheme using symbol-based three-dimensional EXIT charts. The performance of the VL-STCM-ID scheme is shown to be about 14.6 dB better than that of the Fixed Length STCM (FL-STCM) benchmarker at a source symbol error ratio of 10?4, when communicating over uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels. The performance of the VL-STCM-ID scheme when communicating over correlated Rayleigh fading channels using imperfect channel state information is also studied
(2317) meson production at RHIC
Production of (2317) mesons in relativistic heavy ion collisions at
RHIC is studied. Using the quark coalescence model, we first determine the
initial number of (2317) mesons produced during hadronization of
created quark-gluon plasma. The predicted (2317) abundance depends
sensitively on the quark structure of the (2317) meson. An
order-of-magnitude larger yield is obtained for a conventional two-quark than
for an exotic four-quark (2317) meson. To include the hadronic effect
on the (2317) meson yield, we have evaluated the absorption cross
sections of the (2317) meson by pion, rho, anti-kaon, and vector
anti-kaon in a phenomenological hadronic model. Taking into consideration the
absorption and production of (2317) mesons during the hadronic stage of
heavy ion collisions via a kinetic model, we find that the final yield of
(2317) mesons remains sensitive to its initial number produced from the
quark-gluon plasma, providing thus the possibility of studying the quark
structure of the (2317) meson and its production mechanism in
relativistic heavy ion collisions.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
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