4,267 research outputs found
Josephson Oscillation and Transition to Self-Trapping for Bose-Einstein-Condensates in a Triple-Well Trap
We investigate the tunnelling dynamics of Bose-Einstein-Condensates(BECs) in
a symmetric as well as in a tilted triple-well trap within the framework of
mean-field treatment. The eigenenergies as the functions of the zero-point
energy difference between the tilted wells show a striking entangled star
structure when the atomic interaction is large. We then achieve insight into
the oscillation solutions around the corresponding eigenstates and observe
several new types of Josephson oscillations. With increasing the atomic
interaction, the Josephson-type oscillation is blocked and the self-trapping
solution emerges. The condensates are self-trapped either in one well or in two
wells but no scaling-law is observed near transition points. In particular, we
find that the transition from the Josephson-type oscillation to the
self-trapping is accompanied with some irregular regime where tunnelling
dynamics is dominated by chaos. The above analysis is facilitated with the help
of the Poicar\'{e} section method that visualizes the motions of BECs in a
reduced phase plane.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure
Editorial for the Special Issue on Laser Additive Manufacturing: Design, Processes, Materials and Applications
Laser-based additive manufacturing (LAM) is a revolutionary advanced digital manufacturing technology developed in recent decades, which is also a key strategic technology for technological innovation and industrial sustainability. This technology unlocks the design and constraints of traditional manufacturing and meets the needs of complex geometry fabrication and high-performance part fabrication. A deeper understanding of the design, materials, processes, structures, properties and applications is desired to produce novel functional devices, as well as defect-free structurally sound and reliable LAM parts.The topics in this Special Issue include macro- and micro-scale additive manufacturing with lasers, such as structure/material design, fabrication, modeling and simulation, in situ characterization of additive manufacturing processes and ex situ materials characterization and performance, with an overview that covers various applications in aerospace, biomedicine, optics and energy
THE GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN AND CHINA AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY UPGRADING STRATEGY
The automotive industry is often thought of as one of the most global of all industries. In the globalization era, cost competitiveness alone will not be sufficient to guarantee further success. The China’s Local Industrial Clusters(LICs)faced a serious challenge between the top-down (global) and bottom-up (local) governance pressures. This paper uses the Global Value Chain(GVC) framework analysis to explain China Automotive Industry industry’s development stage, position of the GVC, demonstrate that the relationships with these global actors and upgrading opportunities of China Automotive Industry. Key words: Global Value Chain, Automotive Industry, Upgrading Strateg
A Pairwise Probe for Understanding BERT Fine-Tuning on Machine Reading Comprehension
Pre-trained models have brought significant improvements to many NLP tasks
and have been extensively analyzed. But little is known about the effect of
fine-tuning on specific tasks. Intuitively, people may agree that a pre-trained
model already learns semantic representations of words (e.g. synonyms are
closer to each other) and fine-tuning further improves its capabilities which
require more complicated reasoning (e.g. coreference resolution, entity
boundary detection, etc). However, how to verify these arguments analytically
and quantitatively is a challenging task and there are few works focus on this
topic. In this paper, inspired by the observation that most probing tasks
involve identifying matched pairs of phrases (e.g. coreference requires
matching an entity and a pronoun), we propose a pairwise probe to understand
BERT fine-tuning on the machine reading comprehension (MRC) task. Specifically,
we identify five phenomena in MRC. According to pairwise probing tasks, we
compare the performance of each layer's hidden representation of pre-trained
and fine-tuned BERT. The proposed pairwise probe alleviates the problem of
distraction from inaccurate model training and makes a robust and quantitative
comparison. Our experimental analysis leads to highly confident conclusions:
(1) Fine-tuning has little effect on the fundamental and low-level information
and general semantic tasks. (2) For specific abilities required for downstream
tasks, fine-tuned BERT is better than pre-trained BERT and such gaps are
obvious after the fifth layer.Comment: e.g.: 4 pages, 1 figur
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