GeoDream: Disentangling 2D and Geometric Priors for High-Fidelity and Consistent 3D Generation

Text-to-3D generation by distilling pretrained large-scale text-to-image diffusion models has shown great promise but still suffers from inconsistent 3D geometric structures (Janus problems) and severe artifacts. The aforementioned problems mainly stem from 2D diffusion models lacking 3D awareness during the lifting. In this work, we present GeoDream, a novel method that incorporates explicit generalized 3D priors with 2D diffusion priors to enhance the capability of obtaining unambiguous 3D consistent geometric structures without sacrificing diversity or fidelity. Specifically, we first utilize a multi-view diffusion model to generate posed images and then construct cost volume from the predicted image, which serves as native 3D geometric priors, ensuring spatial consistency in 3D space. Subsequently, we further propose to harness 3D geometric priors to unlock the great potential of 3D awareness in 2D diffusion priors via a disentangled design. Notably, disentangling 2D and 3D priors allows us to refine 3D geometric priors further. We justify that the refined 3D geometric priors aid in the 3D-aware capability of 2D diffusion priors, which in turn provides superior guidance for the refinement of 3D geometric priors. Our numerical and visual comparisons demonstrate that GeoDream generates more 3D consistent textured meshes with high-resolution realistic renderings (i.e., 1024 $\times$ 1024) and adheres more closely to semantic coherence.Comment: Code and Demo: https://github.com/baaivision/GeoDrea

Prognostic impact of the Controlling Nutritional Status Score in patients with biliary tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundBiliary tract cancer (BTC) is a malignancy associated with unfavorable outcomes. Advanced BTC patients have a propensity to experience compromised immune and nutritional status as a result of obstructive jaundice and biliary inflammation. Currently, there is a lack of consensus on the impact of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score in the context of BTC prognosis. The purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis on the association between CONUT and the prognosis of patients suffering from BTC.MethodsA defined search strategy was implemented to search the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for eligible studies published until March 2023, with a focus on overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival/recurrence-free survival(RFS), and relevant clinical characteristics. The prognostic potential of the CONUT score was evaluated using hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIn this meta-analysis, a total of 1409 patients from China and Japan were involved in 9 studies. The results indicated that the CONUT score was significantly correlated with worse OS (HR=2.13, 95% CI 1.61-2.82, P<0.0001) and RFS (HR=1.83, 95% CI 1.44–2.31, P<0.0001) in patients with BTC. And, the analysis showed that a high CONUT score was significantly associated with clinical characteristics such as jaundice (OR=1.60, 95% CI=1.14–2.25, P=0.006), poorly differentiated tumor (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.03–1.99, P=0.03), pT3 and 4 stage of the tumor (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.30–2.68, P=0.0007), and complications of Clavien-Dindo classification grade IIIa or higher (OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.03–3.12, P=0.04).ConclusionThis meta-analysis indicates that a high CONUT score can serve as a significant prognostic indicator for survival outcomes among patients diagnosed with BTC

Subsea Field Layout Optimization

This study focuses on building a systematic method for the subsea field layout optimization with the aim of minimizing the overall field development cost. The subsea field layout optimization is a very complex problem which mainly includes well trajectories, location-allocation of subsea facilities (mainly the manifolds), flowline and umbilical routing, and location-allocation of drilling sites. Because the function of flowline and umbilical is to connect the well heads and subsea facilities, we simplify the flowline and umbilical routing as a cost function into the location-allocation of subsea facilities. Hence the complex problem is divided into 3 sub-problems: the “1-site-n-wells” problem, the “location-allocation of manifolds” problem and the “k-sites-n-wells” problem. We extend the original 2D Dubins Curve to the 3D drilling scenario to solve the “1- site-n-wells” problem where we can find the best drilling site location and the wellbore trajectories for multiple wells to be drilled from the same drilling site. A binary linear programming (BLP) method which guarantees the global optimum with extreme high efficiency is created to solve “location-allocation of manifolds” problem. The 3D Dubins Curve method and the BLP method are then systematically combined to solve the “ksites-n-wells” problem. Thus, the systematic method for the subsea field layout optimization is built, and the method has the flexibility to handle various user-defined cost and constraints. Abundant case studies and a real field data test provided by a SUBPRO industrial partner validate the correctness and the advantage of our method both in accuracy and efficiency. We are confident that our method will benefit the petroleum industry in the future and the BLP method will have a wider application in various areas where the problems can be deduced as a size-constrained clustering problem

Subsea field layout optimization (part II)–the location-allocation problem of manifolds

The location-allocation problem of manifolds, which is a part of subsea field layout optimization, directly affects the flowline cost. This problem has always been studied as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, or an integer linear programming (ILP) problem when there are location options for the facilities. Making a MINLP model is surely convenient to interpret the optimization problem. However, finding the global optimum of the MINLP model is very hard. Hence, practically, engineers use approximation algorithms to search a good local optimum or give several good location options based on their experience and knowledge to reduce the MINLP model into an ILP model. Nevertheless, the global optimum of the original MINLP model is no longer guaranteed. In this study, enlightened by the graphic theories, we propose a new method in which we reduce the MINLP model into an ILP model---more precisely, a binary linear programming (BLP) model---without compromise of achieving global optimum, but also with extremely high efficiency. The breakthrough in both efficiency and accuracy of our method for the location-allocation problem of manifolds and wellheads is well demonstrated in various cases with comparison to the published methods and the commercial MINLP solver from LINDO. Besides, we also provide our results for larger-scale problems which were considered infeasible for the commercial MINLP solver. More generally, our method can be regarded as a specific MINLP/NIP (nonlinear integer programming) solver which can be used for many other applications. This work is the second of a series of papers which systematically introduce an efficient method for subsea field layout optimization to minimize the development cost

Subsea field layout optimization (Part I) – directional well trajectory planning based on 3D Dubins Curve

Directional well trajectory planning, which includes the optimization of the drilling site location and the trajectory between the drilling site to the completion interval, plays an important role in reducing subsea field development cost. The traditional well trajectory planning methods are based on the projected 2D profile of the wellbore trajectory with empirical knowledge or trial-and-error method to select a proper drilling site. In this study, we propose a new efficient optimization method based on the 3D Dubins curve, which has been widely used in autopilot for path planning but has never been mentioned in drilling industry. In short, we use gradient descent method to find the best drilling site location while adopting the 3D Dubins curve as the optimal wellbore trajectory to reach each completion interval so that the “-site--wells” problem can be easily solved. Abundant case studies including both mathematically representative cases and the real practical field cases are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our method. Wider application of our method for more complex situations are also discussed. This work is the first of a series of papers which systematically introduce an efficient method for subsea field layout optimization to minimize the development cost

Subsea field layout optimization (part III) --- the location-allocation problem of drilling sites

This study proposes an efficient method to optimize the subsea field layout with the aim of minimizing the subsea field development cost, based on the two methods introduced in Part I and Part II for solving the well trajectory planning problem and the location-allocation problem, i.e., 3D Dubins Curve method and Binary Linear Programming (BLP) method, respectively. The most complex part in subsea field layout optimization is essentially a location-allocation problem of drilling sites embedded with the well trajectory optimization. The full process of our method is clearly summarized in a flowchart. Abundant case studies with comparison to the existing results demonstrate the optimality and the flexibility of our method to solve practical subsea field layout optimization problems. In the cases studies, we also reveal how different user-defined cost items affect the optimal field layout. Details of implementing our method for a better performance is also discussed. This work is the third of a series of papers which systematically introduce an efficient method for subsea field layout optimization to minimize the development cost

A novel wellbore strengthening method by using rotary jet while drilling

Lost circulation is one of the most common and costly problems in drilling operations. Improving the wellbore strengthening by plugging drilling induced fractures using rotary jet method is a novel and effective method to mitigate lost circulation. A stress analysis model based on elastic-plastic mechanics was established to reveal the wellbore strengthening mechanism of rotary jet plugging while drilling. The structure of rotary jet tool was proposed and mixture multiphase flow model was adopted to optimize the structure of the modulation unit of rotary jet. The field tests of engineering prototype were carried out in 8½″ interval of three wells. Satisfactory plugging results verify the effectiveness of rotary jet plugging and wellbore strengthening technology

PGC1α Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer by Regulating the HSP70/HK2/VDAC1 Signaling Pathway

Mitochondrial apoptosis is one of the main mechanisms for cancer cells to overcome chemoresistance. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) can resist cancer cell apoptosis by expressing on mitochondria and binding to voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). We previously reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1 α (PGC1α) is highly expressed in ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistant cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the interaction between PGC1α and HK2 in ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistant cells. We found that the knockdown of PGC1α promotes the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistant cells and increases their sensitivity to cisplatin. In addition, we found that the knockdown of PGC1α affects the mitochondrial membrane potential and the binding of HK2 and VDAC1. As the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family can help protein transport, we detected it and found that PGC1α can promote HSP70 gene transcription. Furthermore, HSP70 can promote an increase of HK2 expression on mitochondria and an increase of binding to VDAC1. Based on these results, PGC1α may reduce apoptosis through the HSP70/HK2/VDAC1 signaling pathway, thus promoting cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer. These findings provide strong theoretical support for PGC1α as a potential therapeutic target of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer

Feibi Recipe Reduced Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by Bleomycin in Mice by Regulating BRP39/IL-17 and TGFβ1/Smad3 Signal Pathways

Fibrotic remodeling has become the result of many lung diseases, and these disorders can be categorized with known as well as unknown etiologies. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most fatal disease among the unknown etiology. TGFβ1/Smad3 signal pathway plays an important role in lung fibrosis and epithelial regeneration. This study investigated the effects and mechanism of Feibi Recipe (FBR) on pulmonary fibrosis. In this experiment, C57BL/6 mice were used and bleomycin was used to induce the lung injury. Meanwhile, the study showed a significant reduction in pathological response and mediators of inflammation and fibrosis such as IL-6, ICAM-1, IL-13, IL-17, BRP-39, TGFβ1, Smad3, and Smad7 were identified. Collectively, the FBR appears to attenuate the lung injury and the modeling of fibrosis in mice

PGC1α Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer by Regulating the HSP70/HK2/VDAC1 Signaling Pathway

Mitochondrial apoptosis is one of the main mechanisms for cancer cells to overcome chemoresistance. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) can resist cancer cell apoptosis by expressing on mitochondria and binding to voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). We previously reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1 α (PGC1α) is highly expressed in ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistant cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the interaction between PGC1α and HK2 in ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistant cells. We found that the knockdown of PGC1α promotes the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistant cells and increases their sensitivity to cisplatin. In addition, we found that the knockdown of PGC1α affects the mitochondrial membrane potential and the binding of HK2 and VDAC1. As the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family can help protein transport, we detected it and found that PGC1α can promote HSP70 gene transcription. Furthermore, HSP70 can promote an increase of HK2 expression on mitochondria and an increase of binding to VDAC1. Based on these results, PGC1α may reduce apoptosis through the HSP70/HK2/VDAC1 signaling pathway, thus promoting cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer. These findings provide strong theoretical support for PGC1α as a potential therapeutic target of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer