547 research outputs found
PHYFU: Fuzzing Modern Physics Simulation Engines
A physical simulation engine (PSE) is a software system that simulates
physical environments and objects. Modern PSEs feature both forward and
backward simulations, where the forward phase predicts the behavior of a
simulated system, and the backward phase provides gradients (guidance) for
learning-based control tasks, such as a robot arm learning to fetch items. This
way, modern PSEs show promising support for learning-based control methods. To
date, PSEs have been largely used in various high-profitable, commercial
applications, such as games, movies, virtual reality (VR), and robotics.
Despite the prosperous development and usage of PSEs by academia and industrial
manufacturers such as Google and NVIDIA, PSEs may produce incorrect
simulations, which may lead to negative results, from poor user experience in
entertainment to accidents in robotics-involved manufacturing and surgical
operations.
This paper introduces PHYFU, a fuzzing framework designed specifically for
PSEs to uncover errors in both forward and backward simulation phases. PHYFU
mutates initial states and asserts if the PSE under test behaves consistently
with respect to basic Physics Laws (PLs). We further use feedback-driven test
input scheduling to guide and accelerate the search for errors. Our study of
four PSEs covers mainstream industrial vendors (Google and NVIDIA) as well as
academic products. We successfully uncover over 5K error-triggering inputs that
generate incorrect simulation results spanning across the whole software stack
of PSEs.Comment: This paper is accepted at The 38th IEEE/ACM International Conference
on Automated Software Engineering, a.k.a. ASE 2023. Please cite the published
version as soon as this paper appears in the conference publication
Telitacicept for autoimmune nephropathy
B cells and the humoral immunity are important players in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. BAFF (also known as BLYS) and a proliferation-inducing ligand APRIL are required for the maintenance of the B-cell pool and humoral immunity. BAFF and APRIL can promote B-cell differentiation, maturation, and plasma cell antibody secretion. BAFF/APRIL overexpression has been identified in several autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, IgA nephropathy, etc. Telitacicept, a novel fully human TACI-Fc fusion protein that binds both BAFF and APRIL, was approved in China in March 2021 for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus at a recommended dose of 160 mg/w subcutaneously and is in clinical trials for the treatment of multiple indications in other autoimmune diseases. In this review, we explored telitacicept’s mechanism of action and clinical data. In addition, the immune features of autoimmune nephropathy were discussed, emphasizing lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, and membranous nephropathy
NutriFD: Proving the medicinal value of food nutrition based on food-disease association and treatment networks
There is rising evidence of the health benefit associated with specific
dietary interventions. Current food-disease databases focus on associations and
treatment relationships but haven't provided a reasonable assessment of the
strength of the relationship, and lack of attention on food nutrition. There is
an unmet need for a large database that can guide dietary therapy. We fill the
gap with NutriFD, a scoring network based on associations and therapeutic
relationships between foods and diseases. NutriFD integrates 9 databases
including foods, nutrients, diseases, genes, miRNAs, compounds, disease
ontology and their relationships. To our best knowledge, this database is the
only one that can score the associations and therapeutic relationships of
everyday foods and diseases by weighting inference scores of food compounds to
diseases. In addition, NutriFD demonstrates the predictive nature of nutrients
on the therapeutic relationships between foods and diseases through machine
learning models, laying the foundation for a mechanistic understanding of food
therapy
Disorder induced field effect transistor in bilayer and trilayer graphene
We propose use of disorder to produce a field effect transistor (FET) in
biased bilayer and trilayer graphene. Modulation of the bias voltage can
produce large variations in the conductance when the disorder's effects are
confined to only one of the graphene layers. This effect is based on the bias
voltage's ability to select which of the graphene layers carries current, and
is not tied to the presence of a gap in the density of states. In particular,
we demonstrate this effect in models of gapless ABA-stacked trilayer graphene,
gapped ABC-stacked trilayer graphene, and gapped bilayer graphene.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
Moving Deep Learning into Web Browser: How Far Can We Go?
Recently, several JavaScript-based deep learning frameworks have emerged,
making it possible to perform deep learning tasks directly in browsers.
However, little is known on what and how well we can do with these frameworks
for deep learning in browsers. To bridge the knowledge gap, in this paper, we
conduct the first empirical study of deep learning in browsers. We survey 7
most popular JavaScript-based deep learning frameworks, investigating to what
extent deep learning tasks have been supported in browsers so far. Then we
measure the performance of different frameworks when running different deep
learning tasks. Finally, we dig out the performance gap between deep learning
in browsers and on native platforms by comparing the performance of
TensorFlow.js and TensorFlow in Python. Our findings could help application
developers, deep-learning framework vendors and browser vendors to improve the
efficiency of deep learning in browsers
Study on the oasification process and its effects on soil particle distribution in the south rim of the Tarim Basin, China in recent 30 years
AbstractOasification is an important geography process in arid areas, although little research attention has been paid to the process compared to desertification. In fact, studying oasification not only directly reveals its effects on the environment, but can also uncover causes of desertification through examination of oasification causes and processes. In this study, oases located on the south rim of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China, were selected as a regional study area. For assessing changes in oases area over the past 30years, four images taken in September in 1977, 1992, 2000 and 2010 were used. To further investigate the effects of oasification on the environment, the Cele Oasis was specifically selected as a representative study area, and soil particle-size distributions (PSD) were analyzed. The results indicated that the oasification process was unmistakable and should receive more attention in the southern marginal zone of the Tarim Basin. In addition, the results also revealed that oasification can have positive effects on the soil environment. In terms of management implications, it is essential that farmland remain in continuous use after reclamation; otherwise, reclamation will weaken oasification and intensify desertification
Distance-IoU Loss: Faster and Better Learning for Bounding Box Regression
Bounding box regression is the crucial step in object detection. In existing
methods, while -norm loss is widely adopted for bounding box
regression, it is not tailored to the evaluation metric, i.e., Intersection
over Union (IoU). Recently, IoU loss and generalized IoU (GIoU) loss have been
proposed to benefit the IoU metric, but still suffer from the problems of slow
convergence and inaccurate regression. In this paper, we propose a Distance-IoU
(DIoU) loss by incorporating the normalized distance between the predicted box
and the target box, which converges much faster in training than IoU and GIoU
losses. Furthermore, this paper summarizes three geometric factors in bounding
box regression, \ie, overlap area, central point distance and aspect ratio,
based on which a Complete IoU (CIoU) loss is proposed, thereby leading to
faster convergence and better performance. By incorporating DIoU and CIoU
losses into state-of-the-art object detection algorithms, e.g., YOLO v3, SSD
and Faster RCNN, we achieve notable performance gains in terms of not only IoU
metric but also GIoU metric. Moreover, DIoU can be easily adopted into
non-maximum suppression (NMS) to act as the criterion, further boosting
performance improvement. The source code and trained models are available at
https://github.com/Zzh-tju/DIoU.Comment: Accepted to AAAI 2020. The source code and trained models are
available at https://github.com/Zzh-tju/DIo
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