Neglected Effects of Inoculum Preservation on the Start-Up of Psychrophilic Bioelectrochemical Systems and Shaping Bacterial Communities at Low Temperature

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are capable of simultaneous wastewater treatment and resource recovery at low temperatures. However, the direct enrichment of psychrophilic and electroactive biofilms in BESs at 4°C is difficult due to the lack of understanding in the physioecology of psychrophilic exoelectrogens. Here, we report the start-up and operation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) at 4°C with pre-acclimated inocula at different temperatures (4°C, 10°C, 25°C, and −20°C) for 7 days and 14 days. MFCs with 7-day-pretreated inocula reached higher peak voltages than did those with 14-day-pretreated inocula. The highest power densities were obtained by MFCs with 25°C – 7-day-, 25°C – 14-day-, and 4°C – 7-day-pretreated inocula (650–700 mW/m2). In contrast, the control MFCs with untreated inocula were stable at 450 mW/m2. The power densities of MFCs with 7-day-pretreated inocula were higher than those obtained by MFCs with 14-day-pretreated inocula. The MFCs with 10°C – 7-day-pretreated inocula and the control MFCs showed higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (90–91%) than other MFCs. Illumina HiSeq sequencing based on 16S rRNA gene amplicons indicated that bacterial communities of the anode biofilms were shaped by pretreated inocula at different temperatures. Compared with the control MFCs with untreated inocula, MFCs with temperature-pretreated inocula demonstrated higher microbial diversity, but did not do so with −20°C-pretreated inocula. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed an obvious separation between the inocula pretreated at 4°C and those pretreated at 10°C, implying that bacterial community structures could be shaped by pretreated inocula at low temperatures. The pretreatment period also had a diverse impact on the abundance of exoelectrogens and non-exoelectrogens in MFCs with inocula pretreated at different temperatures. The majority of the predominant population was affiliated with Geobacter with a relative abundance of 17–70% at different pre-acclimated temperatures, suggesting that the exoelectrogenic Geobacter could be effectively enriched at 4°C even with inocula pretreated at different temperatures. This study provides a strategy that was previously neglected for fast enrichment of psychrophilic exoelectrogens in BESs at low temperatures

Consensus statement from the International Consensus Meeting on the Role of Decompressive Craniectomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract: Background: Two randomised trials assessing the effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy (DC) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) were published in recent years: DECRA in 2011 and RESCUEicp in 2016. As the results have generated debate amongst clinicians and researchers working in the field of TBI worldwide, it was felt necessary to provide general guidance on the use of DC following TBI and identify areas of ongoing uncertainty via a consensus-based approach. Methods: The International Consensus Meeting on the Role of Decompressive Craniectomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury took place in Cambridge, UK, on the 28th and 29th September 2017. The meeting was jointly organised by the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), AO/Global Neuro and the NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma. Discussions and voting were organised around six pre-specified themes: (1) primary DC for mass lesions, (2) secondary DC for intracranial hypertension, (3) peri-operative care, (4) surgical technique, (5) cranial reconstruction and (6) DC in low- and middle-income countries. Results: The invited participants discussed existing published evidence and proposed consensus statements. Statements required an agreement threshold of more than 70% by blinded voting for approval. Conclusions: In this manuscript, we present the final consensus-based recommendations. We have also identified areas of uncertainty, where further research is required, including the role of primary DC, the role of hinge craniotomy and the optimal timing and material for skull reconstruction

Application of minimally invasive surgery in traumatic brain injury

This article aims to expound the essence of minimally invasive surgery as well as when and how to use it in craniocerebral trauma surgery according to the characteristics of the disease. In neurosurgery, the importance of tissue protection should be from the inside to the outside, i.e. brain→dura→skull→scalp. In this article, I want to share my opinion and our team’s experience in terms of selecting surgical approaches and incision, surgical treatment of the skull, dura handling, intracranial operation and placement of drainage based on the above theory. I hope this will be helpful for trauma surgeons. Key words: Traumatic brain injuries; Large craniectomy; Surgical procedures, minimally invasiv

Effect of Rare Earth Y on Properties of Nanosized 90W-7Ni-3Fe Composite Powder Fabricated by Spray Drying-Hydrogen Reduction

(W,Ni,Fe) composite oxide powder synthesized by spray drying was reduced at 700∘C for 90 minutes in H2 atmosphere. The effect of rare earth Y on H2 reduction of (W,Ni,Fe) composite oxide powder was studied. Phase composition, crystalline size, and particle morphology of the reduced powder have been measured by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fsss particle size and special surface area of the reduced powder were also measured and analyzed. The result showed that new phase Y(Ni0.75W0.25)O3 appeared in the reduced powder and particle morphology was nearly spherical or polyhedron by Y additions. The higher the rare earth element content was, the bigger the influencing on particle morphology was. When the rare earth Y content was under 0.8%, with the increase of the rare earth element content, dBET, Fsss, and crystal sizes of the reduced powder decreased greatly

Decompressive craniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery infarctions: a meta-analysis

Abstract Background Decompressive craniectomy (DC) has been the classical management for malignant middle cerebral artery infarctions (mMCAI) in clinical practice. However, the association between DC and mMCAI remains unclear. This review went to evaluate the efficacy of DC in treating mMCAI patients. Methods Studies were entirely searched since the foundation dates of multiple databases to June 2016. All major databases were involved, including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and other sources. the bias risk of studies involved were evaluated. Modified Rankin Scale was defined as Primary outcome, Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals was taken as measurements. T2 (tau-squared) test, I2 test, and chi-square tests were used for statistical heterogeneity evaluation for each meta-analysis result, followed by fixed-effect model. Mantel-haenszel method was used in the process of summary estimations. All of the meta-analysis was conducted by Review Manager 5.3. Results & Conclusion One thousand one hundred forty-five records of data were critically identified and collected through databases and 14 studies were finally involved. Result suggested that DC can ameliorate the suboptimal outcome of mMCAI patients

Formation and growth mechanism of tungsten oxide microtubules

Tungsten oxide microtubules, arrayed in a radial flower-like structure, were synthesized by simply using W powders reacting with Ni(NO3)(2) center dot 6H(2)O at a elevated temperature. The formed microtubules, with lengths more than 100 pin and outer diameters of 1-5 mu m, have irregular open ends, showing clear grooves along the growth direction on the tubule surface. A novel aggregation mechanism based on chemical-vapor-deposit process was proposed to describe the growth process of the synthesized tubules, and the possible mechanism for the arrangement of the radial flower-like morphology was discussed

Rumination and Depression in Chinese Adolescents With Mood Disorders: The Mediating Role of Resilience

Background: Adolescent mood disorders (MD) have become an important public health problem worldwide. However, the psychopathological mechanisms underlying the occurrence of adolescent MD remain poorly elucidated.Therefore, in this study, we explored the mediating role of psychological resilience in the effects of rumination on depression in Chinese adolescents with MD. Methods: A total of 569 adolescent MD patients were included. Recruitment took place between October 2019 and June 2022. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms.The 21-item Chinese version of the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) was used to assess rumination, and the 10 -item Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) was used to measure psychological resilience. Results: The prevalence of MD in adolescents with severe depressive symptoms (SDS) was 46.05%. The prevalence of SDS was much higher in females (50.75%) than in males (35.09%).The prevalence of SDS was much higher in adolescents with MD living with grandparents (56.25%) and living in single-parent families (61.36%) than in those living with parents (43.00%) and those having one parent who was away fora long time (40.00%). Adolescents with MD and also with SDS had higher levels of rumination and lower levels of psychological resilience than adolescents without SDS. Resilience partially mediated the relationship between rumination and depression. Conclusions: Living style influences the severity of depressive symptoms in adolescents with MD. Rumination and psychological resilience were the risk and protective factors for SDS in adolescents with MD, respectively. Furthermore, resilience can reduce the impact of rumination on depressive symptoms, suggesting that clinical interventions to improve patients&#39; resilience and reduce rumination may be a viable consideration for adolescents with MD.</p

ALA6, a P4-type ATPase, Is Involved in Heat Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

Maintaining lipid membrane integrity is an essential aspect of plant tolerance to high temperature. P4-type ATPases are responsible for flipping and stabilizing asymmetric phospholipids in membrane systems, though their functions in stress tolerance are not entirely clear. Aminophospholipid ATPase6 (ALA6) is a member of the P4-type ATPase family, which has 12 members in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that a loss-of-function mutant of ALA6 (ala6) exhibits clear sensitivity to heat stress, including both basal and acquired thermotolerance treatments. Overexpression of ALA6 improves seedling resistance to heat stress, while mutated ALA6 transgenic plants, in which the conserved functional site of the ALA family has a point mutation, are still susceptible to heat stress like ala6 loss-of-function mutant. In addition, ala6 displays higher ion-leakage during heat treatment, suggesting that the lipid flippase activity of ALA6 plays a vital role in heat stress responses. Transcriptome analysis reveals differences in gene expression between ala6 and wild-type plants with or without heat stress. The differentially expressed genes are involved primarily in the physiological processes of stress response, cellular compartment maintenance, macromolecule stability and energy production. Our results suggest that ALA6 is crucial for the stability of membrane when plants suffer from high temperature stress

Depression and suicide attempts in Chinese adolescents with mood disorders: the mediating role of rumination

Mood disorders (MD) are often associated with a higher incidence of suicidal behavior, especially in adolescent patients. However, the mechanisms by which depression affects suicide attempts in adolescents with MD remain poorly elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical correlates of suicide attempts in Chinese adolescent patients with MD, as well as the inter-relationship between depressive symptoms, rumination, and suicide attempts, and the role of rumination in mediating depression and suicide attempts. A total of 331 MD adolescent patients aged 11 similar to 18 years were recruited from a psychiatric hospital. Suicide attempts were assessed with the MINI Suicide Scale. Depressed symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). To assess rumination, we used the 21-item Chinese version of the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS). Overall, the percentage of suicide attempts among MD adolescents was 51.96%, with a higher percentage of females (58.62%) than males (36.36%). Compared to non-suicide attempters, suicide attempters had higher scores on PHQ-9, RRS, depression-related, brooding, and reflective pondering. Gender and RRS were independently associated with suicide attempts. Rumination played a fully mediating role between depression and suicide attempts. In addition, the mediating effect of depression between rumination and suicide attempts was not significant. The incidence of suicide attempts was higher in MD adolescents than in general adolescents. Gender and rumination were associated with suicide attempts in MD adolescents. Moreover, rumination mediated the correlation between depressive symptoms and suicide attempts, suggesting that rumination may be an important intervention component for clinical staff to prevent suicidal behavior in adolescents with MD