In 2006, the New England Fisheries Management Council agreed to consider alterna

In 2006, the New England Fisheries Management Council agreed to consider alternative approaches to groundfish management, including an approach called Local Area Management. Craig Pendleton, a Saco groundfisherman and coordinating director of the Northwest Atlantic Marine Alliance, says passion, diversity and livelihood are key ingredients that have been stamped out of the fishery, while management has been trying to fit fishermen into simple boxes. With details on the fishermen\u27s efforts, including the new Area Management Coalition, and on parallel West Coast efforts

The Midcoast Fishermen\u27s Association was formed in Port Clyde as a nonprofit adv

The Midcoast Fishermen\u27s Association was formed in Port Clyde as a nonprofit advocacy group in 2006. A year later, the group launched the Midcoast Fishermen\u27s Cooperative to market members\u27 catch and provide a direct link between fishermen and consumers. The group developed the state\u27s first Community Supported Fishery, modeled after the Community Supported Agriculture movement. It created a business-marketing model and the Port Clyde Fresh Catch brand. At the core of the group\u27s efforts is a strong conservation ethic, focused on catching low volumes of high-quality fish. With details on gear modification techniques to help conserve the fishery

Nephrogenesis is induced by partial nephrectomy in the elasmobranch Leucoraja erinacea

The mammalian kidney responds to partial nephrectomy with glomerular and tubular hypertrophy, but without renal regeneration. In contrast, renal regeneration in lower vertebrates is known to occur. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of renal regeneration is highly important; however, a serviceable animal model has not been developed. A neonephrogenic zone has been identified in the European lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus caniculus (Hentschel H. Am J Anat 190: 309-333, 1991), as well as in the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea. The zone features the production of new nephrons complete with a countercurrent system. To analyze this nephrogenic region of elasmobranch fish further, a renal reduction model was established. The neonephrogenic zone in the adult kidney of the little skate resembles the embryonic metanephric kidney and contains stem cell-like mesenchymal cells, tips of the branching collecting duct system, and outgrowth of the arterial system. Four stages of nephron development were analyzed by serial sections and defined: stage I, aggregated mesenchymal cells; stage II, S-shaped body-like structure with high-prismatic epithelial cells; stage III, segmental nephron segregation; stage IV, functioning nephron. The stages were analyzed after partial nephrectomy. In addition, cell proliferation was assessed by incorporation of bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU). New nephrons developed in animals undergoing partial nephrectomy. Growth was greatly stimulated in the nephrogenic zone, both in the remnant tissue and in the contralateral kidney within 10 wk. Mesenchymal cell aggregates increased significantly per renal cross-section compared with controls (stage I, 0.64 +/- 0.28 versus 0.27 +/- 0.25; P < 0.005; n = 10 animals per group). The same was the case for S-shaped body-like cysts (stage II, 0.24 +/- 0.19 versus 0.08 +/- 0.09; P < 0.02). Cellular proliferation in the neonephrogenic zone of the contralateral kidney was also greatly enhanced (14.42 +/- 3.26 versus 2.64 +/- 1.08 BrdU-positive cells per cross-section, P < 0.001). It is concluded that the skate possesses a nephrogenic zone containing stem cell-like mesenchymal cells during its entire life. Partial nephrectomy induces renal growth by accelerating nephrogenesis. This unique model may facilitate understanding renal regeneration

“Zebrafishing” for Novel Genes Relevant to the Glomerular Filtration Barrier

Data for genes relevant to glomerular filtration barrier function or proteinuria is continually increasing in an era of microarrays, genome-wide association studies, and quantitative trait locus analysis. Researchers are limited by published literature searches to select the most relevant genes to investigate. High-throughput cell cultures and other in vitro systems ultimately need to demonstrate proof in an in vivo model. Generating mammalian models for the genes of interest is costly and time intensive, and yields only a small number of test subjects. These models also have many pitfalls such as possible embryonic mortality and failure to generate phenotypes or generate nonkidney specific phenotypes. Here we describe an in vivo zebrafish model as a simple vertebrate screening system to identify genes relevant to glomerular filtration barrier function. Using our technology, we are able to screen entirely novel genes in 4–6 weeks in hundreds of live test subjects at a fraction of the cost of a mammalian model. Our system produces consistent and reliable evidence for gene relevance in glomerular kidney disease; the results then provide merit for further analysis in mammalian models