DataSheet_1_Response of maize yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency to nitrogen fertilizer application in field with various soil fertility.docx

Appropriate nitrogen (N) management system is essential for effective crop productivity and minimizing agricultural pollution. However, the underlying mechanistic understanding of how N fertilizer regulates crop yield via soil properties in soils with different fertilities remains unresolved. Here, we used a field experiment that spanned 3 cropping seasons to evaluate the grain yield (GY), aboveground biomass and N recovery efficiency (NRE) after treatment with five N fertilizer application rates (N0, N75, N112, N150, and N187) in soils with three levels of fertility. Our results indicated that the highest GY across low, moderate, and high fertility soils were 1.5 t hm-2 (N150), 4.9 t hm-2 (N187), and 5.4 t hm-2 (N112), respectively. The highest aboveground biomass and NRE were observed at N150 for all three levels of soil fertility, while only the N uptake by aboveground biomass of low and high fertility soils decreased at N187, confirming that excessive N fertilization results in a further decline in crop N uptake. The relationship between GY, NRE and N fertilizer application rates fit the unary quadratic polynomial model. To achieve a balance between grain production and environmental benefits in N fertilizer, appropriate N fertilizer rates were determined to be 97.5 kg hm-2, 140 kg hm-2 and 131 kg hm-2 for low, moderate and high fertility soils, respectively. Structural equation modeling suggested that GY was significant correlated with soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and N directly in low fertility field, with SMBC directly in moderate fertility field, and via SOC and NO3–N in high fertility field. Therefore, a soil-based management strategy for N fertilizers could enhance food security while reducing agricultural N fertilizer inputs to mitigate environmental impacts.</p

Validation and Assessment of Three Methods to Estimate 24-h Urinary Sodium Excretion from Spot Urine Samples in Chinese Adults - Fig 1

<p><b>Scatter plots measured 24-h urine sodium excretion (USE) vs. Kawasaki (A), INTERSALT (B), and Tanaka (C) method estimated 24-h USE (mg/d).</b> The hollow circles were scatter points of measured and estimated values. The real line was the linear regression line of the scatters in the plots. The dash lines were the 95% CI lines of predicted mean.</p

Effects of Magnesium Fertilizer on the Forage Crude Protein Content Depend upon Available Soil Nitrogen

Magnesium (Mg) is important for both plant photosynthesis and protein synthesis. Nevertheless, latent Mg deficiencies are common, and Mg addition has shown an improved yield. Might such an increasing yield cause “hidden” hunger for microelements and protein, and if so, what is the mechanism? We conducted two greenhouse experiments using low-Mg soil to investigate (i) effects of five levels of Mg fertilizer (20–400 mg kg^–1) on eight elements and crude protein concentrations in annual ryegrass and white clover and (ii) if any protein effects of the Mg fertilizer depend upon soil nitrogen (N). Mg addition significantly increased the yield in both species, simultaneously decreasing concentrations of crude protein, calcium (Ca), sodium, manganese, and potassium/Mg and Ca/Mg ratios caused by increased biomass dilution effects and increased [Mg]. Other mineral dilution effects of the Mg fertilizer depended upon species: the concentration of phosphorus decreased only in ryegrass, and the concentration of zinc decreased only in white clover. Mg addition in soil rich with available N (from N fertilizer in ryegrass or biological fixation in white clover) showed an increased crude protein content as well as increased yield in the forage of both species. These results suggest that the Mg fertilizer can affect the protein content positively or negatively depending upon available N in soil and that sufficiently available N must be ensured along with Mg addition in low Mg soils

Validity of three methods of estimation versus measured 24-h urinary sodium excretion in a sample of Chinese adults (n = 116).

<p>Validity of three methods of estimation versus measured 24-h urinary sodium excretion in a sample of Chinese adults (n = 116).</p

Three methods to estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion.

<p>Three methods to estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion.</p

Characteristic of participants (n = 116).

<p>Characteristic of participants (n = 116).</p

Genetic Variants Associated with Myocardial Infarction and the Risk Factors in Chinese Population

<div><p>Background</p><p>Recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies in Caucasians identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The associations of those SNPs with myocardial infarction (MI) have not been replicated in Asian populations. Among those previously identified SNPs, we selected nine (rs10953541, rs1122608, rs12190287, rs12413409, rs1412444, rs1746048, rs3798220, rs4977574, rs579459, in or near genes 7q22, LDLR, TCF21, CYP17A1, LIPA, CXCL12, LPA, CDKN2A, ABO, respectively) because of the relatively high minor allele frequencies in Chinese individuals and tested the associations of the SNPs with MI and MI related risk factors in Chinese population.</p><p>Methods and Results</p><p>We conducted a case–control association study on a cohort of 2365 MI patients and 2678 unrelated controls from the Chinese population. Genotyping of 9 SNPs were performed by the TaqMan Real Time PCR method. After age, sex, and BMI adjustment, we observed the SNPs rs12190287, rs12413409, rs1412444, rs1746048 and rs4977574, were significantly associated with MI in additive models and rs12190287, rs12413409, rs4977574 were significantly associated with phenotypes of MI at the same time. We also found three SNPs rs1122608, rs3798220 and rs579459 were significantly associated with risk factors of MI, although they had no association with MI in Chinese population.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Results of this study indicate that 5 SNPs were associated with MI and 3 SNPs were associated with associated with lipoprotein levels but not with MI in a Chinese population. The present study supports some CAD-related genes in Caucasian as important genes for MI in a Chinese population.</p></div

Association of polymorphism rs5063 and rs1801133 with ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage based on hypertension-stratified population.

<p>Genetic model = allelic model; reference allele = G (rs5063); reference allele = C (rs1801133).</p><p>*Adjusted for age, sex and body mass index in allelic model of inheritance.</p

MI risk score categories and risk for MI.

<p>Black and gray bars represent the subjects of case and control in each quintile, respectively. Analysis was performed in a total of 4960 individuals (2275 cases, 2675 controls). ORs for MI of the different quantiles compared with those from quintile 1 are shown as solid dots.</p