Yolk sac tumor in children and the resulting biopsychosocial and spiritual aspects

Yolk sac tumor is a rare germ cell tumor in children, accounting for only about 3.5% of pediatric cancers. However, the yolk sac tumor is a malignant tumor that requires chemotherapy, but the side effects of chemotherapy can have an impact on the biopsychosocial and spiritual aspects of the child. This case report presents the negative impacts on the biopsychosocial and spiritual aspects of a child diagnosed with a yolk sac tumor. 11-year-old girl experienced symptoms of an enlarged abdomen, feeling bloated, pain, and frequent urination. The pathological examination revealed a yolk sac tumor, and the examination of ascites showed malignant cells. The patient was diagnosed with a yolk sac tumor, Stage 1C3, and was to undergo chemotherapy. She scored 15, indicating that the patient experienced anxiety due to the yolk sac tumor diagnosis and was anxious about the side effects of chemotherapy. Examination of the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects in pediatric patients with a yolk sac tumor can assist in addressing the adverse effects of the diagnosis and the anxiety about chemotherapy in a more comprehensive manner

The Role Placental TLR-7 Expression with Cord Blood HBV DNA and Placental HBV DNA: Peran Ekspresi TLR-7 Plasenta dengan HBV DNA Tali Pusat dan HBV DNA Plasenta

Abstract Objective: To determine the role of TLR-7 expression on intrauterine vertical transmission in pregnancy through identification of serum hepatitis B markers in both maternal and umbilical cord blood. Methods: Analysis of TLR expression was performed on 38 paraffin block samples of placental tissue acquired from mothers with HBV using TLR immunohistochemical staining. Results: 16 of 38 samples were acquired from mothers aged 26-30 years-old. Most of the samples were from primiparous mothers (52.6%). This study found no significant association between TLR-7 expression and HBV DNA in the placenta and cord blood (p = 1.000). However, we found a significant association between placental TLR-7 expression and maternal HBV DNA (p = 0.034). Meanwhile, placental HBeAg and HBV DNA were not associated with placental TLR-7 expression (p = 0.082; p = 1.000). Conclusion: There was no significant association between TLR-7 expression and HBV DNA in the placenta and cord blood, but we found a significant association between TLR-7 expression and maternal HBV DNA.  Keywords: HBV DNA, Hepatitis B, intrauterine infection, placental toll-like receptor (TLR) 7,umbilical cord.   Abstrak Tujuan: untuk melihat peran ekspresi TLR-7 terhadap transmisi vertikal intrauterina pada kehamilan melalui identifikasi marker serum hepatitis B pada darah ibu dan talipusar. Metode: Analisis ekspresi TLR dilakukan pada 38 sampel blok paraffin jaringan plasenta ibu yang menderita HBV dengan memakai pewarnaan imuhohistokimia TLR. Hasil: 16 dari 38 sampel berusia 26-30 tahun. Sebagian besar sampel merupakan kelompok primipara (52.6%). Penelitian ini tidak menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara ekspresi TLR-7 di plasenta dan HBV DNA darah tali pusat (p = 1.000). Tapi, kami menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara ekspresi TLR-7 plasenta dan HBV DNA ibu (p = 0,034). Sedangkan HBeAg dan HBV DNA plasenta tidak berhubungan dengan ekspresi TLR-7 plasenta (p = 0,082; p = 1.000). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara ekspresi TLR-7 dan DNA HBV di plasenta dan tali pusat, tetapi kami menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara ekspresi TLR-7 dan DNA HBV ibu.  Kata kunci: HBV DNA, Hepatitis B, infeksi intrauterina, plasenta, tali pusat,  toll-like receptor (TLR)

Relationship of Placental TLR-7 Expression with Cord Blood HBV DNA and Placental HBV DNA

Objective: To determine the role of TLR-7 expression on intrauterine vertical transmission in pregnancy through identification of serum hepatitis B markers in both maternal and umbilical cord blood.Method: Analysis of TLR expression was performed on 38 paraffin block samples of placental tissue acquired from mothers with HBV using TLR immunohistochemical staining.Result: 16 of 38 samples were acquired from mothers aged 26-30 years old. Most of the samples were from primiparous mothers (52.6%). This study found no significant association between TLR-7 expression and HBV DNA in the placenta and cord blood (p = 1.000). However, we found a significant association between placental TLR-7 expression and maternal HBV DNA (p = 0.034). Meanwhile, placental HBeAg and HBV DNA were not associated with placental TLR-7 expression (p = 0.082; p = 1.000).Conclusion: There was no significant association between TLR-7 expression and HBV DNA in the placenta and cord blood, but we found a significant association between TLR-7 expression and maternal HBV DNA.  Hubungan Ekspresi TLR-7 Plasenta dengan HBV DNA Tali Pusat dan HBV DNA Plasenta AbstrakTujuan: untuk melihat peran ekspresi TLR-7 terhadap transmisi vertikal intrauterina pada kehamilan melalui identifikasi marker serum hepatitis B pada darah ibu dan talipusar.Metode: Analisis ekspresi TLR dilakukan pada 38 sampel blok paraffin jaringan plasenta ibu yang menderita HBV dengan memakai pewarnaan imuhohistokimia TLR.Hasil: 16 dari 38 sampel berusia 26-30 tahun. Sebagian besar sampel merupakan kelompok primipara (52.6%). Penelitian ini tidak menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara ekspresi TLR-7 di plasenta dan HBV DNA darah tali pusat (p = 1.000). Tapi, kami menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara ekspresi TLR-7 plasenta dan HBV DNA ibu (p = 0,034). Sedangkan HBeAg dan HBV DNA plasenta tidak berhubungan dengan ekspresi TLR-7 plasenta (p = 0,082; p = 1.000).Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara ekspresi TLR-7 dan DNA HBV di plasenta dan tali pusat, tetapi kami menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara ekspresi TLR-7 dan DNA HBV ibu.  Kata kunci: toll-like receptor (TLR) 7, HBV DNA, tali pusat, plasenta, Hepatitis B, infeksi intrauterin

Hubungan antara Resistensi Insulin dan Kadar Hepsidin (Regulator Zat Besi) Terhadap Fenotipe Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik (SOPK)

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Resistensi Insulin dan kadar hepsidin serum terhadap fenotipe Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik (SOPK). Resistensi insulin dan hiperinsulinisme yang terjadi pada SOPK dapat meningkatkan eritropoiesis, yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan regulasi ekspresi hepsidinMetode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dan dilakukan di beberapa rumah sakit pendidikan di Makassar, Indonesia. Kami memasukkan pasien yang didiagnosis dengan sindrom ovarium polikistik (SOPK) berusia 18-40 tahun. Resistensi Insulin diperiksa mengunakan metode HOMA-IR dan kadar hepsidin diperiksa menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) pada semua subjek yang memenuhi syarat. Hasil yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis secara statistik.Hasil: Sebanyak 52 pasien SOPK dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini, 40 pasien dengan resistensi insulin dan 12 pasien tanpa resistensi insulin. Setelah memeriksa kadar hepsidin serum, kami tidak menemukan perbedaan resistensi insulin diantara keempat fenotipe SOPK (p>0,05), namun terdapat perbedaan kadar hepsidin SOPK fenotipe A dengan fenotipe C (p0.05), however there is PCOS level difference of phenotype A and phenotype C (p<0.05). We observed as well medium negative correlation between serum hepcidin level and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r=-0.419; p<0.05).Conclusions: Correlation is found where the higher the insulin resistance, the lower the hepcidin serum level. Also no difference is observed in insulin resistance of PCOS among the four phenotypes, however serum hepcidin level difference is indicated higher on PCOS phenotype A compared to that of PCOS phenotype C.Key words: polycystic ovarian syndrome, hepcidin, insulin resistanc

The Relationship between Ferritin Levels and Uterine Inertia in Labor Women

Objective: To determine the relationship between ferritin levels and the incidence of uterine inertia in pregnant women. Method: This study uses a prospective cohort design. The study was conducted on all pregnant women aged 20-40 years who had antenatal care and be in labor at the Teaching Hospital in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Obtained 76 pregnant women where 44.7% of them had uterine inertia. The average ferritin level in the uterine inertia group was significantly lower (3.80 ± 2.84 ng/mL) than without the uterine inertia group (12.99 ± 11.40 ng/mL) with a value p<0.001. The average ferritin level in the mild anemia group was significantly higher (9.83 ± 10.35 ng/mL) than in the moderate anemia group (3.82 ± 2.51 ng/mL) with a p-value <0.05. Pregnant women with moderate anemia were found to be 4.68 more susceptible uterine inertia than pregnant women with mild anemia.Conclusion: There was a relationship between ferritin levels in pregnant women and the incidence of uterine inertia where low ferritin levels was risk factor of uterine inertia.Hubungan Kadar Feritin dengan Kejadian Inersia Uteri pada Ibu BersalinAbstrak Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar feritin dan kejadian inersia uteri pada ibu bersalin. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kohort prospektif. Penelitian dilakukan pada semua wanita hamil usia 20-40 tahun yang melakukan antebatal care dan persalinan di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan di bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin. Data dianalsiis dengan uji chi square dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil: Diperoleh 76 ibu hamil, sebanyak 44,7% di antaranya mengalami inersia uteri. Rata-rata kadar feritin pada kelompok inersia uteri secara signifikan lebih rendah (3,80±2,84 ng/mL) dibandingkan rata-rata kadar feritin pada kelompok tidak inersia uteri (12,99±11,40 ng/mL) dengan nilai p<0,001. Rata-rata kadar feritin pada kelompok anemia ringan secara signifikan lebih tinggi (9,83±10,35 ng/mL) dibandingkan rata-rata kadar feritin pada kelompok anemia moderat (3,82±2,51 ng/mL)  dengan nilai p<0,05. Ibu hamil dengan anemia moderat mempunyai risiko mengalami inersia uteri sebanyak 4,68 kali lebih besar dibandingkan ibu hamil dengan anemia ringan. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara kadar feritin ibu hamil dan kejadian inersia uteri. Rendahnya kadar feritin menjadi salah satu penyebab kejadian inersia uteri.Kata kunci: Feritin, Ibu Bersalin, Inersia Uter

Faktor-Faktor Risiko dan Status Kecemasan Ibu dengan Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor risiko dan status kecemasan pada ibu dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan.Metode: Metode  kasus kontrol terhadap 62 sampel perempuan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan di RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, RSKDIA Fatimah, RSIA Sitti Khadijah 1, RSKDIA Pertiwi, RS Syekh Yusuf dan RSUD Lapalaloi periode Januari 2022–Juni 2022. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner dan status kecemasan dihitung berdasarkan Hamilton  Anxiety Rating Scale.Hasil: Kehamilan tidak diinginkan dihubungkan dengan paritas (16.500; CI 95%=3.675–74.081; p=0,001), penghasilan (OR 3.818; CI 95% = 1.398–10.429; p=0.012), unmet needs (OR 4.444; CI 95% = 2.087–9.464; p=0.001) dan penggunaan kontrasepsi (OR 2.722; CI 95%=1.309–5.659; p=0.011).Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko multiparitas, penghasilan, status unmet need, dan penggunaan kontrasepsi berhubungan dengan tingkat kecemasan pada ibu dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan.Risk Factors and Anxiety Status in Women with Unwanted PregnancyAbstract Objective: To determine the relationship between risk factors and anxiety status in women with unwanted pregnancies.Method: Case control method of 62 samples of women with unwanted pregnancies at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, RSKDIA Fatimah, RSIA Sitti Khadijah 1, RSKDIA Pertiwi, Syekh Yusuf Hospital and Lapalaloi Hospital for the period January 2022 - June 2022. Data were obtained using a questionnaire and anxiety status was calculated based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.Results: Unwanted pregnancy was associated with parity (16,500; 95% CI = 3,675–74,081; p=0.001), income (OR 3,818; 95% CI = 1,398–10,429; p=0,012), unmet needs (OR 4,444; 95% CI = 2.087–9.464; p=0.001) and contraceptive use (OR 2.722; 95% CI=1.309–5.659; p=0.011).Conclusion: Multiparity risk factors, income, unmet need status and contraceptive use are associated with the level of anxiety in mothers with unwanted pregnancies.Key words: Unwanted Pregnancy, Anxiety, Risk Factors, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scal