160 research outputs found
Prompt-driven Target Speech Diarization
We introduce a novel task named `target speech diarization', which seeks to
determine `when target event occurred' within an audio signal. We devise a
neural architecture called Prompt-driven Target Speech Diarization (PTSD), that
works with diverse prompts that specify the target speech events of interest.
We train and evaluate PTSD using sim2spk, sim3spk and sim4spk datasets, which
are derived from the Librispeech. We show that the proposed framework
accurately localizes target speech events. Furthermore, our framework exhibits
versatility through its impressive performance in three diarization-related
tasks: target speaker voice activity detection, overlapped speech detection and
gender diarization. In particular, PTSD achieves comparable performance to
specialized models across these tasks on both real and simulated data. This
work serves as a reference benchmark and provides valuable insights into
prompt-driven target speech processing.Comment: Accepted by ICASSP 202
Radix Astragali-Based Chinese Herbal Medicine for Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background. Treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) remains a big challenge for oncologists. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Radix Astragali- (RA-) based Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and treatment of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, including the incidence and grading of neurotoxicity, effective percentage, and nerve conduction velocity. Methods. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were found using PubMed, Cochrane, Springer, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database of China Science Periodical Database (CSPD) by keyword search. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.0. Results. A total of 1552 participants were included in 24 trials. Meta-analysis showed the incidence of all-grade neurotoxicity was significantly lower in experimental groups and high-grade neurotoxicity was also significantly less. Effective percentage was significantly higher and sensory nerve conduction velocity was improved significantly, but changes in motor nerve conduction velocity were not statistically significant. No adverse events associated with RA-based intervention were reported. Conclusion. RA-based intervention may be beneficial in relieving oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. However, more double-blind, multicenter, large-scale RCTs are needed to support this theory. Trial Registration. PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews has registration number  CRD42015019903
Preventive Effects of a Chinese Herbal Formula, Shengjiang Xiexin Decoction, on Irinotecan-Induced Delayed-Onset Diarrhea in Rats
Irinotecan is a well-known chemotherapy drug for the treatment of various cancers. However, delayed-onset diarrhea is a common adverse reaction, limiting the application of the drug. The study presented was designed to evaluate the preventive effects of Shengjiang Xiexin decoction (SXD) on irinotecan-induced diarrhea and to explore the possible mechanisms of this action. We established a diarrhea rat model. The condition of the rats was observed. The proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal cells were measured using immunohistochemical assays and a caspase-3 activity assay, respectively. The expression of Lgr5 and CD44 staining were used to observe intestinal stem cells (ISCs). In addition, the activity of β-glucuronidase in the rats’ feces was measured. Our results showed that the number of proliferating intestinal cells in the SXD groups was obviously higher, while the activity of caspase-3 was lower. The expression of Lgr5 and the integrated option density (IOD) of CD44 stain were increased significantly by SXD. Additionally, SXD decreased the activity of β-glucuronidase after irinotecan administration. In conclusion, SXD exhibited preventive effects on irinotecan-induced diarrhea, and this action was associated with an inhibitory effect on intestinal apoptosis and β-glucuronidase and a promotive effect on intestinal cell proliferation due to increased maintenance of ISCs
Leakage control of water distribution system by drop-restore pressure based on viscoelastic mechanism
As a common method to control leakage of water distribution systems, pressure management has the advantages of reducing energy consumption, reducing the possibility of explosion, and avoiding the aggravation of leakage. With the popularization of plastic pipe in
the world, it is necessary to study its leakage characteristic in recent years. Our research group carried out leakage experiments on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, and found that the correlation
curve between leakage flow and pressure did not completely coincide in the phase of pressure boost and pressure reduction. The existing FAVAD and exponential leakage models could not explain this phenomenon, which challenges the pressure management theory dominated by a single depressing-pressure process, thus it’s necessary to explore pressure management strategies suitable for plastic pipes. Based on the viscoelastic properties of plastic pipe, we established the viscoelastic leakage model and proposed the leakage control method of drop-restore pressure, and verified its feasibility in practical engineering cases. The main research
objectives of this paper will be first to describe the strain response of leakage area in the process of continuous stress application with the Boltzmann superposition principle for HDPE pipe; the Voigt-Kelvin model is used to simulate the creep behavior of viscoelastic material, and a suitable leakage model for viscoelastic pipe is proposed to provide accurate expression of the leakage under the regulation of drop-restore pressure. Secondly, the viscoelastic pipe leakage model is embedded into the pressure-driven analysis model based on non-iterative
method and the pressure-driven viscoelastic leakage model is obtained. Finally, evaluating the proposed leakage model in the practical case. With the minimum leakage flow as the objective function, the leakage control model of drop-restore pressure is established and solved by a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an accurate pressure regulation scheme. After applying the scheme from the optimization, the leakage rate decreases from 37.7% to 16.8% on weekdays, which is a great impact on leakage control
USED: Universal Speaker Extraction and Diarization
Speaker extraction and diarization are two crucial enabling techniques for
speech applications. Speaker extraction aims to extract a target speaker's
voice from a multi-talk mixture, while speaker diarization demarcates speech
segments by speaker, identifying `who spoke when'. The previous studies have
typically treated the two tasks independently. However, the two tasks share a
similar objective, that is to disentangle the speakers in the spectral domain
for the former but in the temporal domain for the latter. It is logical to
believe that the speaker turns obtained from speaker diarization can benefit
speaker extraction, while the extracted speech offers more accurate speaker
turns than the mixture speech. In this paper, we propose a unified framework
called Universal Speaker Extraction and Diarization (USED). We extend the
existing speaker extraction model to simultaneously extract the waveforms of
all speakers. We also employ a scenario-aware differentiated loss function to
address the problem of sparsely overlapped speech in real-world conversations.
We show that the USED model significantly outperforms the baselines for both
speaker extraction and diarization tasks, in both highly overlapped and
sparsely overlapped scenarios. Audio samples are available at
https://ajyy.github.io/demo/USED/.Comment: Submitted to ICASSP 202
Angiopoietin-2 impairs collateral artery growth associated with the suppression of the infiltration of macrophages in mouse hindlimb ischaemia
Abstract Background Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), a ligand of the Tie-2 receptor, plays an important role in maintaining endothelial cells and in destabilizing blood vessels. Collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis) is a key adaptive response to arterial occlusion. It is unknown whether the destabilization of blood vessels by Ang-2 can affect arteriogenesis and modulate mononuclear cell function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ang-2 on collateral artery growth. Methods Hindlimb ischaemia model was produced in C57BL/6 mice by femoral artery ligation. Blood flow perfusion was measured using a laser Doppler perfusion imager quantitative RT-PCR analysis was applied to identify the level of angiogenic factors. Results After the induction of hindlimb ischaemia, blood flow recovery was impaired in mice treated with recombinant Ang-2 protein; this was accompanied by a reduction of peri-collateral macrophage infiltration. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that Ang-2 treatment decreased monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) mRNA levels in ischaemic adductor muscles. Ang-2 can lead to macrophage M1/M2 polarization shift inhibition in the ischaemic muscles. Furthermore, Ang-2 reduced the in vitro inflammatory response in macrophages and vascular cells involved in arteriogenesis. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that Ang-2 is essential for efficient arteriogenesis, which controls macrophage infiltration
Innovative Water Supply Network Pressure Management Method—The Establishment and Application of the Intelligent Pressure-Regulating Vehicle
The development of many intelligent technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, has brought new opportunities for water industry intelligence. Based on intelligent pressure regulation technology, this paper built an intelligent management platform, designed an intelligent pressure-regulating device, and combined both to form an intelligent pressure-regulating vehicle (IPRV). The IPRV has the functions of developing a pressure-regulating scheme, equipment selection, pressure reduction potential analysis, etc. It can bring convenience to the field test of the water supply network. In the field test, an intelligent pressure-regulating device was used to obtain the network data in the pilot site called S-cell. After utilizing the intelligent management platform to analyze the measured data, the water usage pattern and pressure reduction potential of the S-cell were obtained, and an optimal pressure-regulating strategy was formulated. The water pressure at the critical node always met the water demand at the critical node during the field test. In addition, no complaints were received from other users. The results show that the IPRV is not only convenient for utility managers to make decisions on building pressure-reducing stations but also meets user needs, realizing a win–win situation for both users and companie
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