15 research outputs found
Introduction:studying under-floor church burials in Finland â challenges in stewarding the past for the future
Abstract
Two ongoing projects at the University of Oulu, Finland, are studying burials situated below the floorboards of Finnish churches. The projects examine mortality and materiality in Finland using an exceptionally well-preserved assemblage of mummified human remains. Multidisciplinary research methods, including CT scanning, ÎŒCT scanning, sampling for DNA and isotope analysis, and insect and plant samples, are providing multifaceted information concerning past societies. The samples provide rich insight into the material dimensions of mortality in northern Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. Since the studied material is located under the floors of church buildings that are still in use by congregations, obtaining permits for research and sampling has required managing relationships with separate parishes. This article outlines the projects and examines the ethical and legal dimensions of research on human remains conducted in partnership with individual parishes
Notes on early childhood diets in early modern Oulu, Finland, based on the stable isotope case studies of archeological dentin
Abstract
In mid-18th-century Sweden, the newly enhanced census records revealed higher-than-expected infant mortality rates in certain regions of the kingdom. This convinced contemporary elite men of common women deliberately refusing to breastfeed out of vanity and lack of care. One of the worst regions in terms of infant mortality was the province of Ostrobothnia, located in the area of what is now Finland. To explore the allegations, we measured the carbon (ÎŽÂčÂłC) and nitrogen (ÎŽÂčâ”N) stable isotope ratios in the collagen of incremental crown dentin segments of the permanent first molars (M1) of six individuals excavated from the early modern churchyard of the town of Oulu, Ostrobothnia. The results do not directly support the worries over the lack of breastfeeding but imply a variety of related practices in Oulu at the time
PappissÀÀdyn haudat Pohjois-Pohjanmaan kirkkojen lattioiden alla:tapaustutkimuksia 1300â1700-luvuilta
Abstrakti
Aina 1800-luvun alkupuolelle saakka Suomessa oli tapana haudata yhteisöjen korkeimmassa asemassa olevat henkilöt kirkkojen lattioiden alle. Eri puolilla Suomea, erityisesti Pohjois-Suomessa, nĂ€itĂ€ kirkkohautauksia on sĂ€ilynyt erinomaisessa kunnossa, mikĂ€ on mahdollistanut niiden tarkan analysoinnin. TĂ€ssĂ€ artikkelissa perehdymme pappien ja heidĂ€n perheidensĂ€ hautauksiin 1300â1700-luvuilta. Pohdimme papillisiin kirkkohautauksiin liittyviĂ€ perinteitĂ€ erityisesti pappien aseman nĂ€kökulmasta sekĂ€ miten pappien asema nĂ€kyi heidĂ€n perheenjĂ€sentensĂ€ hautauksissa. Varhaisimmat pappeihin yhdistettĂ€vĂ€t hautaukset on löydetty Keminmaan ValmarinniemestĂ€. NĂ€mĂ€ nuoret aikuiset on haudattu Kristus-aiheiset sormukset kĂ€sissÀÀn. Kuuluisin suomalainen kirkkohautaus kuuluu Kemin kirkkoherralle Nikolaus Rungiukselle (noin 1560â1629), jonka muumioituneet jÀÀnnökset ovat nĂ€htĂ€villĂ€ Keminmaan keskiaikaisessa kirkossa. HĂ€nen hauta-asuaan, elintapojaan ja ruokavaliotaan koskevat tutkimustulokset osoittavat, ettĂ€ hĂ€n eli yltĂ€kyllĂ€istĂ€ elĂ€mÀÀ, jota ei suinkaan haluttu peitellĂ€ hautajaisten aikana. Myös pappien lapset saivat isĂ€nsĂ€ aseman mukaisen hautauksen. TĂ€mĂ€n voimme todeta Haukiputaan kirkon alle haudattujen kappalainen Frosteruksen lasten hautojen perusteella. Haudattujen yhteiskunnallisen statuksen lisĂ€ksi kirkkohautojen tarkastelu avaa mahdollisuuden ymmĂ€rtÀÀ myös niitĂ€ uskonnollisia lĂ€htökohtia, joiden perusteella vainajat ja arkut valmistettiin hautaamista ja ylösnousemusta varten
Preparing childrenâs burials in postmedieval Finland:emotions awakened by sensory experiences
Abstract
Examination of northern Finnish postmedieval funerary attire and coffins reveals culturally constructed sensory experiences and emotions of the individuals who took care of preparing dead children for burial. Based on historical sources, the attire and coffins for small children were generally made by adolescent godparents, whereas dressing and handling of the dead bodies were left to mature women. Because of their beliefs, parents rarely took care of these duties. Archaeological funerary remains provide an avenue through which to explore the sensory experiences of social groups with strongly held religious beliefs and conceptions regarding the dead and the deceased. Common features in the burials allow the interpretation of emotional patterns and collective memories of contemporary people from three starting points: sleep and eternal life, the innocence of children, and coping mechanisms dealing with child deaths
Matkaopas lapsuuden historian tutkimukseen:monitieteisiÀ nÀkökulmia ja menetelmiÀ
Abstract
A Guide to Studying the History of Childhood: Multidisciplinary Perspectives and Methods
This edited volume is a handbook of research methodologies for the history of childhood. The history of childhood is a vibrant, multidisciplinary field that incorporates a rich variety of methodological approaches developed in disciplines across the social sciences and humanities, including archaeology, education, ethnology, literature, and history. The volume presents a collection of chapters that engage a range of different research traditions and employ different research material, conceptual tools, and methods of analysis for the historical study of childhood. In doing so, the volume attends to issues specific to the study of children and childhood, such as those related to research ethics and the theoretical complexities of defining âthe childâ and âchildhoodâ. While the central focus is on the history of childhood in Finland, the volume also includes international and transnational cases, contexts, and perspectives.SisĂ€llys
Monitieteinen lapsuuden historia Kaisa Vehkalahti, Essi Jouhki, Sanna Lipkin, Johanna Sitomaniemi-San & Tiina Kuokkanen
I Tutkimustraditioiden risteyksessÀ
Lapsuuden löytÀmisestÀ toimijuuden tutkimukseen: Lapsuuden historian kuusi vuosikymmentÀ Kaisa Vehkalahti
Historiallisen ajan lapsuuden arkeologiaa: Lapset, tunteet ja kuolema Sanna Lipkin
II Eletyn elÀmÀn muistot
Lapsuuden rajoilla: Lapsuusmuistot omaelÀmÀkerrallisessa kirjoittamisessa Essi Jouhki
Kerrostuneet tulkinnat: Vaikeat lapsuusmuistot muistitietohaastattelussa Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto & Kirsi-Maria Hytönen
Kollektiivinen biografia: LÀhestymistapa kylmÀn sodan lapsuuksien tutkimiseen Mnemo ZIN
III Materiaalisuus ja ruumiillisuus
MaalaiskylÀ oppimisen ympÀristönÀ ja kohteena: Uusmaterialismi nÀkökulmana lasten oppimisen elettyyn historiaan Antti Malinen
Visuaaliset menetelmÀt historiatietoisuuden tutkimuksen vÀlineinÀ Helena Ristaniemi
Varhaismoderni imetysongelma: Luonnontieteet humanistin palveluksessa Tiina VĂ€re
IV Kulttuuriset katseet
Toimijuus ja kokemus lapsuuden historiassa: Hieronymus, kokemusyhteisöt ja tutkijan katse Ville Vuolanto
Kolonialistinen diskurssi ja rodullistaminen vanhassa suomalaisessa lastenkirjallisuudessa: Metodologisia pohdintoja Raita Merivirta
Konteksti, genealogia, tunne: Elokuvallisia katseita tyttöyteen ja tyttöyden historiaan Heta Mulari
Hauraat subjektit: Lapsuuden rakentuminen 1800-luvun suomalaisessa tieteessÀ ja kirjallisuudessa Kati Launis, Jutta Ahlbeck, PÀivi Lappalainen & Kirsi Tuohela
V Asiantuntijatiedon kentÀt
Paluumuuttajalapset 1940â1950-luvun Suomessa: Metodologisia reittejĂ€ lapsuuden historiaan Tuomas Laine-Frigren
Normaalin ja epÀnormaalin rajapinnoilla: Lapsuuden kategorioiden historiallisesta analyysista Laura Tiitinen & Timo Harrikari
Olemassaolemattomuus ja hajanaisuus: Metodologisia pohdintoja uteliaan lapsen genealogiasta Johanna Sitomaniemi-San
Kriittisen historianfilosofian nÀkökulmia lapsuuden historioihin Juuso Tervo
Kirjoittajat
Abstract
Asiahakemisto
Henkilöhakemist
Research methods for heritage cotton fibres:case studies from archaeological and historical finds in a Finnish context
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium species) was used as textile fibre already in the early Indus culture, and since then it has been cultivated in Tropical and Subtropical regions around the whole planet. The species G. hirsutum is nowadays the dominant cotton crop with more than 90% of the world market, while G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum combined, the other cultivated species of Gossypium genus total a minor part of worldâs cotton production. Even in places where cotton was not cultivated, it could be an important trade item and income source for local textile centres, with the imported raw cotton lint being spun, woven and for some part exported from such sites around the globe. This all occurred far away from Finland, until changes brought by the development of long-distance trade and the Industrial Revolution. Based on archaeological finds, cotton as a textile material reached Finland relatively late, in the early Middle Ages. The article focuses on the problematic nature of identifying these cotton finds: whereas modern cotton fibres are easy to identify, the archaeological finds can at first sight be confused with bast or un-degummed silk fibres. This issue will be approached through reviewing recent Finnish cotton finds in heritage textiles. Additionally, the article examines whether the four cultivated cotton species could be differentiated using both classical and newly developed fibre identification methods, such as optical microscopy methods, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) or Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS)