13 research outputs found

    Table_3_Metabolic changes and potential biomarkers in "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum"-infected potato psyllids: implications for psyllid-pathogen interactions.xlsx

    No full text
    Psyllid yellows, vein-greening (VG), and zebra chip (ZC) diseases, which are primarily transmitted by potato psyllid (PoP) carrying Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), have caused significant losses in solanaceous crop production worldwide. Pathogens interact with their vectors at the organic and cellular levels, while the potential changes that may occur at the biochemical level are less well reported. In this study, the impact of CLso on the metabolism of PoP and the identification of biomarkers from infected psyllids were examined. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis, metabolomic changes in CLso-infected psyllids were compared to uninfected ones. A total of 34 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of CLso infection, which were primarily related to amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. The significant increase in glycerophospholipids is thought to be associated with CLso evading the insect vector’s immune defense. Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to map the spatial distribution of these biomarkers, revealing that 15-keto-Prostaglandin E2 and alpha-D-Glucose were highly expressed in the abdomen of uninfected psyllids but down-regulated in infected psyllids. It is speculated that this down-regulation may be due to CLso evading surveillance by immune suppression in the PoP midgut. Overall, valuable biochemical information was provided, a theoretical basis for a better understanding of psyllid-pathogen interactions was offered, and the findings may aid in breaking the transmission cycle of these diseases.</p

    Table_2_Metabolic changes and potential biomarkers in "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum"-infected potato psyllids: implications for psyllid-pathogen interactions.xlsx

    No full text
    Psyllid yellows, vein-greening (VG), and zebra chip (ZC) diseases, which are primarily transmitted by potato psyllid (PoP) carrying Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), have caused significant losses in solanaceous crop production worldwide. Pathogens interact with their vectors at the organic and cellular levels, while the potential changes that may occur at the biochemical level are less well reported. In this study, the impact of CLso on the metabolism of PoP and the identification of biomarkers from infected psyllids were examined. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis, metabolomic changes in CLso-infected psyllids were compared to uninfected ones. A total of 34 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of CLso infection, which were primarily related to amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. The significant increase in glycerophospholipids is thought to be associated with CLso evading the insect vector’s immune defense. Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to map the spatial distribution of these biomarkers, revealing that 15-keto-Prostaglandin E2 and alpha-D-Glucose were highly expressed in the abdomen of uninfected psyllids but down-regulated in infected psyllids. It is speculated that this down-regulation may be due to CLso evading surveillance by immune suppression in the PoP midgut. Overall, valuable biochemical information was provided, a theoretical basis for a better understanding of psyllid-pathogen interactions was offered, and the findings may aid in breaking the transmission cycle of these diseases.</p

    Table_1_Metabolic changes and potential biomarkers in "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum"-infected potato psyllids: implications for psyllid-pathogen interactions.xlsx

    No full text
    Psyllid yellows, vein-greening (VG), and zebra chip (ZC) diseases, which are primarily transmitted by potato psyllid (PoP) carrying Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), have caused significant losses in solanaceous crop production worldwide. Pathogens interact with their vectors at the organic and cellular levels, while the potential changes that may occur at the biochemical level are less well reported. In this study, the impact of CLso on the metabolism of PoP and the identification of biomarkers from infected psyllids were examined. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis, metabolomic changes in CLso-infected psyllids were compared to uninfected ones. A total of 34 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of CLso infection, which were primarily related to amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. The significant increase in glycerophospholipids is thought to be associated with CLso evading the insect vector’s immune defense. Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to map the spatial distribution of these biomarkers, revealing that 15-keto-Prostaglandin E2 and alpha-D-Glucose were highly expressed in the abdomen of uninfected psyllids but down-regulated in infected psyllids. It is speculated that this down-regulation may be due to CLso evading surveillance by immune suppression in the PoP midgut. Overall, valuable biochemical information was provided, a theoretical basis for a better understanding of psyllid-pathogen interactions was offered, and the findings may aid in breaking the transmission cycle of these diseases.</p

    Analysis of case-control study type I error rates from 3 simulated SNPs within <i>BDNF</i>.

    No full text
    <p>The three SNPs show allele frequency differences between CEU and YRI of 0.066 (rs11030108), 0.102 (rs10767658), and 0.233 (rs1013402). The y-axis is estimated type I error rate versus the simulated CEU proportion (x-axis). Panels on the left show data with a difference in disease prevalence ratio of 1.25 while a ratio of 1.5 is shown on the right.</p

    Detection of population structure in four HapMap populations.

    No full text
    <p>The first two principal components from EIGENSTRAT are plotted for all 3 SNP panels (A, SNP panel 93; B, SNP panel 52; C, SNP panel 19). As more AIMs are used in the analysis, the resolution improves. The 52 SNP panel appears to have some overlap between CEU and CHB+JPT though it should be noted that these datapoints are more clearly differentiated by considering the third and fourth principal components (not shown).</p

    Estimated odds ratios (OR) from case-control analysis of 3 simulated SNPs within <i>BDNF</i>.

    No full text
    <p>Conventions are the same as <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0019699#pone-0019699-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a> except the y-axis is the average estimated OR from the same analysis as presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0019699#pone-0019699-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>.</p

    Descriptive statistics on the number of identical genotypes between all possible pairing of samples by group.

    No full text
    <p>Descriptive statistics on the number of identical genotypes between all possible pairing of samples by group.</p

    Giant Photoluminescence Enhancement of Monolayer WSe<sub>2</sub> Using a Plasmonic Nanocavity with On-Demand Resonance

    No full text
    Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered promising building blocks for next-generation photonic and optoelectronic devices, owing to their fascinating optical properties. However, their inherent weak light absorption and low quantum yield severely hinder their practical applications. Here, we report up to 18000-fold photoluminescence (PL) enhancement in a monolayer WSe2-coupled plasmonic nanocavity. A spectroscopy-assisted nanomanipulation technique enables the assembly of a nanocavity with customizable resonances to simultaneously enhance the excitation and emission processes. In particular, precise control over the magnetic cavity mode facilitates spectral and spatial overlap with the exciton, resulting in plasmon–exciton intermediate coupling that approaches the maximum emission rate in the hybrid system. Meanwhile, the cavity mode exhibits high radiation directivity, which overwhelmingly directs surface-normal PL emission and leads to a 17-fold increase in the collection efficiency. Our approach opens up a new avenue to enhance the PL intensity of monolayer TMDs, facilitating their implementation in highly efficient optoelectronic devices

    Giant Photoluminescence Enhancement of Monolayer WSe<sub>2</sub> Using a Plasmonic Nanocavity with On-Demand Resonance

    No full text
    Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered promising building blocks for next-generation photonic and optoelectronic devices, owing to their fascinating optical properties. However, their inherent weak light absorption and low quantum yield severely hinder their practical applications. Here, we report up to 18000-fold photoluminescence (PL) enhancement in a monolayer WSe2-coupled plasmonic nanocavity. A spectroscopy-assisted nanomanipulation technique enables the assembly of a nanocavity with customizable resonances to simultaneously enhance the excitation and emission processes. In particular, precise control over the magnetic cavity mode facilitates spectral and spatial overlap with the exciton, resulting in plasmon–exciton intermediate coupling that approaches the maximum emission rate in the hybrid system. Meanwhile, the cavity mode exhibits high radiation directivity, which overwhelmingly directs surface-normal PL emission and leads to a 17-fold increase in the collection efficiency. Our approach opens up a new avenue to enhance the PL intensity of monolayer TMDs, facilitating their implementation in highly efficient optoelectronic devices

    Inter-rater agreement and reliability of the assessment of lithium response in the two-stage case-vignette rating procedure: kappa and intra-class correlation analysis.

    No full text
    <p>TS: total score.</p><p>ICC: intra-class correlation.</p><p>CI: confidence interval.</p>*<p>Mixed and random effects models.</p>§<p>70 raters.</p>¶<p>48 raters.</p
    corecore