Multi-modal learning for predicting the genotype of glioma.

The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutation is an essential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma. It is promising to better predict glioma genotype by integrating focal tumor image and geometric features with brain network features derived from MRI. Convolutional neural networks show reasonable performance in predicting IDH mutation, which, however, cannot learn from non-Euclidean data, e.g., geometric and network data. In this study, we propose a multi-modal learning framework using three separate encoders to extract features of focal tumor image, tumor geometrics and global brain networks. To mitigate the limited availability of diffusion MRI, we develop a self-supervised approach to generate brain networks from anatomical multi-sequence MRI. Moreover, to extract tumor-related features from the brain network, we design a hierarchical attention module for the brain network encoder. Further, we design a bi-level multi-modal contrastive loss to align the multi-modal features and tackle the domain gap at the focal tumor and global brain. Finally, we propose a weighted population graph to integrate the multi-modal features for genotype prediction. Experimental results on the testing set show that the proposed model outperforms the baseline deep learning models. The ablation experiments validate the performance of different components of the framework. The visualized interpretation corresponds to clinical knowledge with further validation. In conclusion, the proposed learning framework provides a novel approach for predicting the genotype of glioma

Genetic variation of Sporothrix globosa

Sporothrix globosa is the main causative agent of sporotrichosis, a common mycosis that usually affects the skin, in China. Despite increasing efforts in the molecular identification of this fungal pathogen, its modes of transmission and epidemiology remain poorly understood. The goals of this study were to assess the genetic diversity of S. globosa using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and to assess the correlation of AFLP profiles with the geographic origins, growth rates, clinical forms, and antifungal susceptibilities of S. globosa isolates. AFLP analysis of 225 clinical S. globosa isolates from eight provinces or municipalities in China identified eight distinct clustering groups (I–VIII), with groups I, II and IV being the most common. The AFLP genotypes showed distinct distribution patterns among different regions within Jilin Province and between northern and southern China, but there was no obvious association between the AFLP genotypes and the growth rates, clinical forms or antifungal susceptibilities of the S. globosa isolates. These results expand our understanding of the genetic variation of S. globosa and suggest that AFLP analysis is a potentially useful tool for studying the epidemiology of this fungal pathogen.Emerging Microbes & Infections (2017) 6, e88; doi:10.1038/emi.2017.75; published online 11 October 201

Effect of regional vs general anesthesia on incidence of postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery : The RAGA randomized trial

Importance: In adults undergoing hip fracture surgery, regional anesthesia may reduce postoperative delirium, but there is uncertainty about its effectiveness. Objective: To investigate, in older adults undergoing surgical repair for hip fracture, the effects of regional anesthesia on the incidence of postoperative delirium compared with general anesthesia. Design, Setting, and Participants: A randomized, allocation-concealed, open-label, multicenter clinical trial of 950 patients, aged 65 years and older, with or without preexisting dementia, and a fragility hip fracture requiring surgical repair from 9 university teaching hospitals in Southeastern China. Participants were enrolled between October 2014 and September 2018; 30-day follow-up ended November 2018. Interventions: Patients were randomized to receive either regional anesthesia (spinal, epidural, or both techniques combined with no sedation; n = 476) or general anesthesia (intravenous, inhalational, or combined anesthetic agents; n = 474). Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcome was incidence of delirium during the first 7 postoperative days. Secondary outcomes analyzed in this article include delirium severity, duration, and subtype; postoperative pain score; length of hospitalization; 30-day all-cause mortality; and complications. Results: Among 950 randomized patients (mean age, 76.5 years; 247 [26.8%] male), 941 were evaluable for the primary outcome (6 canceled surgery and 3 withdrew consent). Postoperative delirium occurred in 29 (6.2%) in the regional anesthesia group vs 24 (5.1%) in the general anesthesia group (unadjusted risk difference [RD], 1.1%; 95% CI, –1.7% to 3.8%; P = .48; unadjusted relative risk [RR], 1.2 [95% CI, 0.7 to 2.0]; P = .57]). Mean severity score of delirium was 23.0 vs 24.1, respectively (unadjusted difference, –1.1; 95% CI, –4.6 to 3.1). A single delirium episode occurred in 16 (3.4%) vs 10 (2.1%) (unadjusted RD, 1.1%; 95% CI, –1.7% to 3.9%; RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 0.7 to 3.5]). Hypoactive subtype in 11 (37.9%) vs 5 (20.8%) (RD, 11.5; 95% CI, –11.0% to 35.7%; RR, 2.2 [95% CI, 0.8 to 6.3]). Median worst pain score was 0 (IQR, 0 to 20) vs 0 (IQR, 0 to 10) (difference 0; 95% CI, 0 to 0). Median length of hospitalization was 7 days (IQR, 5 to 10) vs 7 days (IQR, 6 to 10) (difference 0; 95% CI, 0 to 0). Death occurred in 8 (1.7%) vs 4 (0.9%) (unadjusted RD, –0.8%; 95% CI, –2.2% to 0.7%; RR, 2.0 [95% CI, 0.6 to 6.5]). Adverse events were reported in 106 episodes in the regional anesthesia group and 102 in the general anesthesia group; the most frequently reported adverse events were nausea and vomiting (47 [44.3%] vs 34 [33.3%]) and postoperative hypotension (13 [12.3%] vs 10 [9.8%]). Conclusions and Relevance: In patients aged 65 years and older undergoing hip fracture surgery, regional anesthesia without sedation did not significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium compared with general anesthesia. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0221338

2nd International Conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences (ABS 2016), Shanghai, China, July 23-26, 2016 Abstracts

Table of contents 01 The influence of soil salt content on the photosynthetic characteristics of spring wheat with trickle irrigation Lei Pei, Zhenhua Wang, Jinzhu Zhang, Wenhao Li 02 Comparing growth of fast-growing and slow-growing endophytes in plants via ergosterol quantification Adeline SY Ting, Yiing Y Chow, Sadequr Rahman 03 Transcriptome and digital gene expression analysis identifies putative triterpene saponin-biosynthetic genes of Panax notoginseng Rongchang Wei 04 Chitosan-assisted isolation and antioxidant evaluation of flavonoids from Sophora japonica L. Zhang Hu, Sidong Li, Chuyan Li, Zijuan Li 05 Two kinds of new characteristics of the ektexine ornamentation of ginkgo pollen Guoxia Wang, Yuzhen Yang, Gang Chen, Qing Luo 06 Analysis of nutrient and medicinal ingredients of Ginkgo pollen in different regions Guoxia Wang, Ruixia Liu, Yuzhen Yang, Lipei Chen 07 Photosynthetic performance of greening seedlings of seven species to drought stress Zhiyang Lie, Tongtong Zhou, Weilong Huang, Li Xue 08 Changes of fluorescence parameters of greening seedlings of seven species under drought stress Jie Li, Zhuomin Wang, Li Xue 09 Mammalian sex hormone affects regeneration capacity and enzymes activity of Triticale L in vitro culture Ismail Bezirganoglu, Pınar Uysal 10 Fractional Fourier entropy increases the recognition rate of fruit type detection Shuihua Wang, Zhihai Lu, Jiquan Yang, Yudong Zhang, John Liu, Ling Wei, Shufang Chen, Preetha Phillips, Zhengchao Dong 11 Banana-peanut intercropping reduces Fusarium wilt disease in banana from enhancing soil bacterial microorganisms and leaf nutrition Hong Li, Xutong Wang, Fengliang Zhao, Guisheng Yang 12 Manganese stress impairs stem ureide nitrogen fixation in yardlong-bean plants in the acidic environment Hong Li 13 A new pest control method for Rhytidodera bowringii Larvae Haijie Huang, Li Zhao, Weijian Huang, Jinhui Wang, Zhongrun Zhang 14 Research on the seed-like Fruits of Subg. Sclarea of Salvia of Labiatae in China Xiaojuan Li, Ning Xu, Guofu Zhou, Ming Wan, Qi Lin, Fanyun Meng, Jianxiu Li 15 Three pulling resistance models of pioneer plant in landslide area Yichang Chen, Koayung Yu, Chunpin Chang 16 The comparison of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerine in different growth pattern Zijuan Zhou, Peixi Su, Rui Shi, Tingting Xie 17 Resources use efficiency of the cosmopolitan plant Potentilla anserina L. in different alpine habitats in China Rui Shi, Peixi Su, Zijuan Zhou 18 Cloning of PPDK gene from Red Amaranand transformation of Alfalfa Xuelan Liu, Yan Zhang, Xiangfa Wei 19 Variation and cluster analysis of morphological characters and nutrient content of Chucrasia tabularis seed Chong Wu, Yanlei Yin, Lijuan Feng, Xuemei Yang, Fei Wang 20 Effect of the planting density of the areca nut on the growth of intercropped Vanilla Hua Wang, Huifa Zhuang, Zihui Zhu, Hui Wan