The Normal Red-Letter, volume 3, number 3, December (1901)

https://red.mnstate.edu/normalredletter/1013/thumbnail.jp

Assessment of Allergy to Milk, Egg, Cod, and Wheat in Swedish Schoolchildren: A Population Based Cohort Study

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>Knowledge about the prevalence of allergies to foods in childhood and adolescence is incomplete. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of allergies to milk, egg, cod, and wheat using reported data, clinical examinations, and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges, and to describe the phenotypes of reported food hypersensitivity in a cohort of Swedish schoolchildren.</p><p>Methods</p><p>In a population-based cohort of 12-year-old children, the parents of 2612 (96% of invited) completed a questionnaire. Specific IgE antibodies to foods were analyzed in a random sample (n=695). Children reporting complete avoidance of milk, egg, cod, or wheat due to perceived hypersensitivity and without physician-diagnosed celiac disease were invited to undergo clinical examination that included specific IgE testing, a celiac screening test, and categorization into phenotypes of food hypersensitivity according to preset criteria. Children with possible food allergy were further evaluated with double-blind challenges.</p><p>Results</p><p>In this cohort, the prevalence of reported food allergy to milk, egg, cod, or wheat was 4.8%. Food allergy was diagnosed in 1.4% of the children after clinical evaluation and in 0.6% following double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge. After clinical examination, children who completely avoided one or more essential foods due to perceived food hypersensitivity were categorized with the following phenotypes: allergy (29%), outgrown allergy (19%), lactose intolerance (40%), and unclear (12%).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>There was a high discrepancy in the prevalence of allergy to milk, egg, cod and wheat as assessed by reported data, clinical evaluation, and double-blind food challenges. Food hypersensitivity phenotyping according to preset criteria was helpful for identifying children with food allergy.</p></div

Prevalence of the indicated variables in children according to their food hypersensitivity phenotypes compared to the prevalence in a random sample of children from the entire cohort.

<p>* Comparison between a random sample of the entire cohort and children with food allergy, outgrown food allergy, and lactose intolerance</p><p>** n.a: Sample prevalence too low for reliable calculation of confidence interval</p><p>Prevalence of the indicated variables in children according to their food hypersensitivity phenotypes compared to the prevalence in a random sample of children from the entire cohort.</p

Characteristics and challenge outcomes of the children (n = 18) who participated in the double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges series.

<p>Characteristics and challenge outcomes of the children (n = 18) who participated in the double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges series.</p

Study overview.

<p>Study overview.</p

Additional file 6: of Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study

Adjusted OR for pre-school asthma vs controls in relation to cumulative exposure before asthma onset. Analyses without municipality included in the model (Unexposed as reference). (DOCX 15 kb

Additional file 1: of Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study

Sampling and analysis of trichloramine. (DOCX 14 kb

Additional file 5: of Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study

Adjusted OR for pre-school asthma vs controls in relation to the cumulative exposure (hours*mean exposure) before asthma onset (Unexposed as reference) by excluding children attending swimming pools without objective measurements (“other swimming pools”). (DOCX 15 kb

Additional file 7: of Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study

Adjusted OR for pre-school asthma vs controls in relation to the exposure levels in swimming pools before asthma onset (Unexposed as reference). (DOCX 14 kb

Additional file 4: of Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study

Adjusted OR for pre-school asthma in relation to cumulative exposure before asthma onset. Analyses based on Max instead of Mean exposure (Unexposed as reference). (DOCX 15 kb