Spin-resolved electron waiting times in a quantum dot spin valve

We study the electronic waiting time distributions (WTDs) in a non-interacting quantum dot spin valve by varying spin polarization and the noncollinear angle between the magnetizations of the leads using scattering matrix approach. Since the quantum dot spin valve involves two channels (spin up and down) in both the incoming and outgoing channels, we study three different kinds of WTDs, which are two-channel WTD, spin-resolved single-channel WTD and cross-channel WTD. We analyze the behaviors of WTDs in short times, correlated with the current behaviors for different spin polarizations and noncollinear angles. Cross-channel WTD reflects the correlation between two spin channels and can be used to characterize the spin transfer torque process. We study the influence of the earlier detection on the subsequent detection from the perspective of cross-channel WTD, and define the influence degree quantity as the cumulative absolute difference between cross-channel WTDs and first passage time distributions to quantitatively characterize the spin flip process. The influence degree shows a similar behavior with spin transfer torque and can be a new pathway to characterize spin correlation in spintronics system.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Number of bird individuals for different trade purposes in China.

<p>Trade purposes are divided into twelve categories: B, Breeding in captivity or artificial propagation; E, Educational; G, Botanical garden; H, Hunting trophy; L, Law enforcement/judicial/forensic; M, Medical including biomedical research; N, reintroduction or introduction into the wild; P, Personal; Q, Circus and traveling exhibitions; S, Scientific; T, Commercial; Z, Zoo.</p>‡<p>There was no record for live bird trade.</p

Species’ composition of live birds in international trade of China.

†<p>There was no record for live bird trade.</p

Number of bird individuals from different sources in China.

†<p>Specimen sources are divided into nine categories: A, Artificially propagated plants; C, Captive-bred animals; D, Appendix-I animals bred in captivity or Appendix-I plants artificially propagated for commercial purposes; F, Animals born in captivity including F1 and subsequent; I, Confiscated or seized specimens; O, Pre-Convention specimens; R, Specimens of animals reared in a controlled environment; U, Source unknown which must be justified; W, Specimens taken from the wild.</p>‡<p>There was no record for live bird trade.</p

Major species of live birds exported from China during 1981 to 2010.

†<p><i>Agapornis roseicollis</i> was deleted from CITES Appendices in 2005. There was no record of the bird exported from China since 2005.</p>‡<p><i>Lonchura bicolor</i> was deleted from CITES Appendices since 2007. This bird was exported from China during the period of 2000 to 2002.</p

Export and import of live birds in China from 1981 to 2010.

<p>Export and import of live birds in China from 1981 to 2010.</p

Major importers (a) and exporters (b) of live birds.

<p>Major importers (a) and exporters (b) of live birds and the number of individuals trade with China in following countries: AE, United Arab Emirates; BE, Belgium; CU, Cuba; DE, Germany; ES, Spain; FR, France; GR, Greece; GY, Guyana; HK, Hong Kong; ID, Indonesia; IT, Italy; JP, Japan; KW, Kuwait; MY, Malaysia; NL, Netherlands; PH, Philippines; PT, Portugal; SA, Saudiarabia; SG, Singapore; TH, Thailand; TW, Taiwan; TZ, Tanzania; US, United States of America; ZA, South Africa; OT, other countries in trade with China for live birds.</p

Number of countries in live birds trade with China, 1981–2010.

<p>Number of countries in live birds trade with China, 1981–2010.</p

Number of Species of live birds in international trade in China from 1981 to 2010.

<p>Number of Species of live birds in international trade in China from 1981 to 2010.</p

Summary of focal observation samples as a function of individual status in Przewalski's gazelle.

<p>Summary of focal observation samples as a function of individual status in Przewalski's gazelle.</p