Three Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of Sulfonamides Binding Monoclonal Antibody by Comparative Molecular Field Analysis

The three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model of sulfonamide analogs binding a monoclonal antibody (MabSMR) produced against sulfamerazine, was carried out by comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The affinities of MabSMR, expressed as Log10IC50, for 17 sulfonamide analogs were determined by competitive fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). Removal of two outliers from the initial set of 17 sulfonamide analogs improved the predictability of the models. The 3D-QSAR model of 15 sulfonamides resulted in q2cv values of 0.600, and r2 values of 0.995, respectively. This novel study combining FPIA with CoMFA demonstrates that multidisciplinary research can be used as a useful tool to investigate antigen-antibody interactions and provide information required for design of novel haptens, which may result in new antibodies with properties already optimized by an antibody-based immunoassay

MSConv-YOLO: An improved small target detection algorithm based on YOLOv8

This article belongs to the Section Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionSmall object detection in UAV aerial imagery presents significant challenges due to scale variations, sparse feature representation, and complex backgrounds. To address these issues, this paper focuses on practical engineering improvements to the existing YOLOv8s framework, rather than proposing a fundamentally new algorithm. We introduce MultiScaleConv-YOLO (MSConv-YOLO), an enhanced model that integrates well-established techniques to improve detection performance for small targets. Specifically, the proposed approach introduces three key improvements: (1) a MultiScaleConv (MSConv) module that combines depthwise separable and dilated convolutions with varying dilation rates, enhancing multi-scale feature extraction while maintaining efficiency; (2) the replacement of CIoU with WIoU v3 as the bounding box regression loss, which incorporates a dynamic non-monotonic focusing mechanism to improve localization for small targets; and (3) the addition of a high-resolution detection head in the neck–head structure, leveraging FPN and PAN to preserve fine-grained features and ensure full-scale coverage. Experimental results on the VisDrone2019 dataset show that MSConv-YOLO outperforms the baseline YOLOv8s by achieving a 6.9% improvement in [email protected] and a 6.3% gain in recall. Ablation studies further validate the complementary impact of each enhancement. This paper presents practical and effective engineering enhancements to small object detection in UAV scenarios, offering an improved solution without introducing entirely new theoretical constructs. Future work will focus on lightweight deployment and adaptation to more complex environments.Journal of Imagin

The efficacy and safety of 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin/vincristine as a multi-agent chemotherapy regimen in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy and safety of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin, and vincristine (FPV) chemotherapy regimen in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 96 GTN patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) scores of 5 or greater in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2013 to October 2019, including 54 patients who received FPV chemotherapy and 42 who received 5-FU/actinomycin D/vincristine (FAV) chemotherapy. A pulsed intravenous device was used to administer 5-FU. The clinical characteristics, adverse events, and response rates were compared between the groups.ResultsThe patients in the FPV and FAV groups received a total of 228 and 190 courses of chemotherapy, respectively. Complete response (CR) was found in 88.89% (48/54) and 90.48% (38/42) of patients in the FPV group and FAV group, respectively (p = 0.801). Both chemotherapy regimens yielded CR in all low-risk patients (100% vs. 100%), whereas 86.67% and 88.24% of high-risk patients achieved CR (FPV vs. FAV, p = 0.836), respectively. The most common adverse events (AEs) were myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reactions including neutropenia (83.97%), anemia (60.05%), and nausea (46.41%). In comparison to those in the FAV group, patients in the FPV group reported higher rates of grade 1/2 nausea (53.51% vs. 37.89%, p = 0.001), hepatotoxicity (28.95% vs. 17.89%, p = 0.008), oral mucositis (23.25% vs. 10.53%, p = 0.001), and grade 3/4 neutropenia (47.37% vs. 27.37%, p < 0.001), while grade 1/2 diarrhea (7.46% vs. 13.68%, p = 0.037) and grade 3/4 oral mucositis (0 vs. 6.32%, p < 0.001) were much more common in the FAV group. The rate of overall survival at 5 years was 96.8% in the FPV group and 97.3% in the FAV group (p = 0.760), whereas the 5-year disease-free survival rates were 95.9% and 93.9% (p = 0.754), respectively.ConclusionThe FPV and FAV regimens with pulsed intravenous 5-FU yielded comparable CR rates and tolerability in patients with GTN with FIGO scores of >5. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate their efficacy

How perceived risk of recurrence strengthens health management awareness in stroke patients: the chain mediating role of risk fear and health literacy

BackgroundPrior research has found that perceived risk in stroke patients motivates health behaviors in visitors. However, the role that perceived risk of recurrence in stroke patients plays in reinforcing health management awareness during the motivation phase is unclear.ObjectiveThis study explores this issue by examining the effects of risk fear and health literacy on health management awareness due to perceived risk of recurrence in stroke patients.MethodsWe validated the effect of perceived risk of recurrence on health management awareness and its internal mechanism by constructing a structural equation model and including 763 stroke patients, extending the relevant literature and application of the Healthy Behavior Procedural Approach (HAPA) model.ResultThe results suggest that perceived risk of recurrence in stroke patients can effectively reinforce and improve health management awareness, with risk fear and health literacy having a chain-mediated role in this group relationship.ConclusionThis study reveals the differential effects of perceived risk of recurrence, risk fear, and health literacy in stroke patients on health management awareness at the individual level, providing valuable guidance for healthcare practitioners and families to improve patients’ health outcomes and health well-being

Case Report: Proximal bronchial injury in small-cell lung cancer patient after moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy

BackgroundProximal bronchial injury is a frequently observed complication in patients with central lung cancer following high-dose stereotactic body radiotherapy, whereas it is rarely reported after moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy. In this article, we present a case of proximal bronchial injury in a patient with small-cell lung cancer after moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy.Case presentationA 45-year-old male patient with no history of smoking was diagnosed with limited stage small-cell lung cancer. According to guidelines of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, the patient was treated with chemoradiotherapy, which included etoposide and cisplatin as well as radiotherapy at a dose of 65 Gy/26 fractions. Three months after radiotherapy, the tumor disappeared; however, stenosis of the right main bronchus, right upper lobe bronchus, and intermediate bronchus, as well as atelectasis of the right upper and middle lobes, occurred and gradually worsened. Anti-infection and hormonal therapy were ineffective. One year after radiotherapy, grade 3 damage was formed in the proximal bronchus according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0). Following endoscopic balloon dilatation of the right main bronchus, asthma symptoms of the patient were reduced.ConclusionThis case reminds us that it is necessary to implement a proximal bronchial dose constraint and prevent the occurrence of dose hot spot in the proximal bronchus when administering moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy with a physical dose exceeding 65 Gy

Noninvasive Submillimeter-Precision Brain Stimulation by Optically-Driven Focused Ultrasound

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited millimeter-level precision. Here, we report an optically-driven focused ultrasound (OFUS) for non-invasive brain stimulation with submillimeter precision. OFUS is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad (SOAP) fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane film. SOAP generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with a lateral resolution of 83 micrometers, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). Effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound cycle is shown. Submillimeter transcranial stimulation of mouse motor cortex in vivo is demonstrated. An acoustic energy of 0.02 J/cm^2, two orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS, is sufficient for successful OFUS neurostimulation. By delivering a submillimeter focus non-invasively, OFUS opens a new way for neuroscience studies and disease treatments.Comment: 36 pages, 5 main figures, 13 supplementary figure

Microbial Composition of Haemaphysalis longicornis in Shaanxi Province, Determined Through Next-Generation Sequencing

Ticks are parasitic organisms that can transmit a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. They are the second most common vectors of diseases affecting humans and animals. The occurrence and transmission of tick-borne diseases has recently shown increasing or fluctuating trends. DNA was extracted after the collection of tick samples. A library targeting the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was constructed. After quality control, next-generation sequencing was performed with the Illumina NextSeq platform to analyze microbial diversity within the ticks. Samples were gathered between May 2023 and July 2023. A total of 77 ticks from five distinct regions were selected for next-generation sequencing. Molecular identification confirmed that all sequenced samples belonged to Haemaphysalis longicornis . The most abundant bacteria belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria , which was present in all samples. Variations in sample richness and evenness were observed among sampling sites (Shannon index, P = 0.019). The bacterial diversity in LT exhibited the highest value, with an average of 2.449. Rickettsia and Coxiella were the predominant bacterial species, both of which are classified as tick-borne pathogens. The linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed significant differences in microbial composition among groups, except for the PC and LY groups, and identified distinct biomarkers for each group. Our findings indicated the high relative abundance of both pathogenic bacteria and non-pathogenic endosymbionts in H. longicornis and the potential for pathogen transmission to residents. However, further validation through human case studies is necessary. Health care providers should be aware of the possibility of the occurrence of these diseases