Photocatalytic Nuisance Organism Inhibitor Agents.

Inexpensive, and easy to use self cleaning mixtures that use photoactive agents such as titanium dioxide(TiO.sub.2) and tungsten oxide(WO.sub.3) along with mixing the agents with co-catalysts such as carbon(C), Fe(iron), Cu(copper), Ni(nickel) and CO.sub.2 P. In addition, the co-catalyst loading can include up to approximately 5% carbon to maximize the inhibiting algae growth. The mixtures can be used to inhibit various growth organisms such as but not limited to algae, fungus, bacteria and mold. The agents can be combined together, and/or each agent can be combined with various coatings, such as but not limited to a cement or a polymer binder. The coatings can be applied to surfaces that are exposed to water such as but not limited to an aquarium, liners on the inner walls of swimming pools, drinking water tanks, and the like. Additionally, the coatings can be used as surfacing agent in contact with water within solar water heaters, piping adjacent to pool pumps, and the like. Additi

Photocatalytic Nuisance Organism Inhibitor Agents.

Inexpensive, and easy to use self cleaning mixtures that use photoactive agents such as titanium dioxide(TiO.sub.2) and tungsten oxide(WO.sub.3) along with mixing the agents with co-catalysts such as carbon(C), Fe(iron), Cu(copper), Ni(nickel) and CO.sub.2 P. In addition, the co-catalyst loading can include up to approximately 5% carbon to maximize the inhibiting algae growth. The mixtures can be used to inhibit various growth organisms such as but not limited to algae, fungus, bacteria and mold. The agents can be combined together, and/or each agent can be combined with various coatings, such as but not limited to a cement or a polymer binder. The coatings can be applied to surfaces that are exposed to water such as but not limited to an aquarium, liners on the inner walls of swimming pools, drinking water tanks, and the like. Additionally, the coatings can be used as surfacing agent in contact with water within solar water heaters, piping adjacent to pool pumps, and the like. Additi

Surfaces of Thermoplastic Sheets and Structures Modified with Photocatalytic Materials DIV

Thermoplastic surface modification is achieved with photocatalysts, such as titanium dioxide, tungsten oxide and mixtures thereof. A uniform coating of a powdered photocatalyst is applied to a thermoplastic surface that is wetted with an organic solvent. The coating is in a range between approximately 1.5 mg/cm2 to approximately 2.5mg/cm2. After the uniform coating of photocatalyst is dried, the thermoplastic surface is heated to a temperature above its softening temperature, usually in a range between approximately 80*C to approximately 130*C; then, a mild pressure is applied to imbed the photocatalyst into the surface of the thermoplastic sheet. The method of modification is inexpensive, long-lasting and non-detrimental to the thermoplastic surface. A surface is provided with improved aesthetic appearance, extended lifetime and sustained protection from undesirable growth of nuisance organisms, such as algae, fungus, bacteria, mold, mildew and the like

Photocatalytic Surfacing Agents with Varying Oxides for Inhibiting Algae Growth

Self cleaning mixtures that use photoactive agents with varying oxides, along with mixing the photoactive agents with carbon, noble metals and cobalt phosphide that inhibit the growth of algae are disclosed. The agents include concentrations of approximately at least 5% to approximately 50% TiO.sub.n1, WO.sub.n2, X-WO.sub.n2, or X-TiO.sub.n1, where 1.8.ltoreq.n1.ltoreq.2, and where 2.2.ltoreq.n2.ltoreq.3, and where X can be one of carbon, a noble metal, and cobalt phosphide. The agents can be combined together, and/or each agent can be combined with various coatings such as but not limited to a cement or a polymer binder. The coatings and agents can be applied to surfaces that are exposed to water such as but not limited to an aquarium, liners on the inner walls of swimming pools, drinking water tanks and the like. Further, applications can include using the novel surfacing agent as part of a solar water heater for both a home and a pool, wherein in the latter application the heater i

Closed Cycle Photocatlytic Process for Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide to its Constituent Elements

A method and system for separating hydrogen and sulfur from hydrogen sulfide(H.sub.2 S) gas being produced from oil and gas waste streams. The hydrogen sulfide(H.sub.2 S) gas is first passed into a scrubber and filtration unit where it encounters polysulfide solution. Elemental sulfur is freed when the H.sub.2 S interacts with the solution, the sulfur is filtered through a porous media such as a ceramic frit, and continues to a stripper unit where the excess H.sub.2 S is removed from the sulfide solution. The excess H.sub.2 S returns to the scrubber and filtration unit, while the sulfide solution passes into a photoreactor containing a semiconductor photocatalyst such as Cadmium Sulfide(CdS), Platinized Cadmium Sulfide, Pt-CdS, Zinc Sulfide, ZnS, Zinc Ferrate, ZnFe.sub.2 O.sub.4, Indium Sulfide, In.sub.2 S.sub.3, along with a 450-500 nm light source

Paper Session III-A - Electrolytic Oxygen Enrichment Using Supernoxide Ion in a Solid Polymer Membrane Electrolyte

Electrochemical cells are among the technologies under consideration for gaseous oxygen concentration or enrichment in both aerospace and civilian applications. Current electrochemical technology involves the electro-reduction of molecular oxygen, O2, to water at one electrode, and the electro-oxidation of water to oxygen at the other. In terms of the overall chemical mechanism, this is a 4-electron, 4-proton process. From an economic point of view, one would like to use as little energy as possible to effect oxygen transport. The simplest possible mechanistic scenario would be if the O-, reduction product is the superoxide ion, O2~, involving only a single electron exchange: O2 + e = O 2 Superoxide anion can be produced electrochemically via reduction of O 2 in an organic aprotic solvent, such as dimethyl formamide or acetonitrile. Moreover, production of superoxide via electrolysis is electrochemically reversible (i.e., the forward and reverse reaction is so rapid that it proceeds under diffusion control near the thermodynamic potential). Considerable energy savings may be realized if electrochemical O, transport could be performed using superoxide ion

Catalysts for Evolution of Hydrogen from Borohydride Solution

Organic pigments are capable of catalyzing the decomposition reaction of hydrogen-rich, stabilized, borohydride solutions to generate hydrogen gas on-board an operable hydrogen-consuming device such as a motor vehicle or other combustion engine. The organic pigments are used in hydrogen generating systems and in methods for controlling the generation of hydrogen gas from metal hydride solutions

Technical Paper Session I-B - The Prospect of producing Breathing Oxygen, Pure Hydrogen and propellants from the Martian Atmosphere

The cost of manned Mars missions could be significantly reduced if O2, water, and propellant were to be extracted from the CO2-rich Martian atmosphere. The objectives of this paper are to explore techniques of producing pure O2 from the Martian atmosphere, and examine chemically stable reactors for H2 production. A method for obtaining O2 on Mars is a high temperature solid oxide electrolysis of yttriastabilized zirconia (YSZ) where CO2 is electrochemically reduced to CO and pure O2 is evolved from the opposite electrode compartment. An electrochemical cell will be demonstrated for CO2 electrolysis with concomitant production of pure O2 under partial pressures commensurate with the Martian atmosphere. Also, this paper investigates the impact of the In-Situ Resource Utilization for Mars mission by providing ultra pure H2 and a chemically stable reactor in CO2- rich mixtures needed to achieve long range mobility on Mars. The fabricated rector is permeable to H2 with infinite selectivity, chemically stable in CO2, and does not require external electrical circuit. In addition, a system-level modeling will be presented to estimate cost, size, energy, power, weight, and volume equipment of a full-scale Mars mission

Catalyst for the Evolution of Hydrogen from Borohydride Solution

Organic pigments are capable of catalyzing the decomposition reaction of hydrogen-rich, stabilized, borohydride solutions to generate hydrogen gas on-board an operable hydrogen-consuming device such as a motor vehicle or other combustion engine. The organic pigments are used in hydrogen generating systems and in methods for controlling the generation of hydrogen gas from metal hydride solutions

Paper Session II-C - NASA\u27s Hydrogen Research at Florida Universities

For the past two years, the State University System (SUS) of Florida has been conducting hydrogen research for NASA. The general objective of the hydrogen research is to support hydrogen utilization within NASA\u27s space exploration and space launch activities. These research awards are slightly under $8 million per fiscal year and are co-managed by the University of Central Florida and the University of Florida and, on the NASA side, by NASA\u27s Glenn Research Center and Kennedy Space Center. The hydrogen research is conducted by six universities within the Florida University System. These universities are the University of Central Florida, University of Florida, Florida State University, University of South Florida, Florida International University, and the University of West Florida. This unique research program teams Florida\u27s talented university researchers with NASA Glenn, the nation\u27s premier space research facility, and NASA Kennedy, the nation\u27s premier space launch facility, to form a powerful partnership. The specific research areas being investigated are densified propellant usage, hydrogen production and transport at Kennedy Space Center, development of hydrogen sensor and safety technologies, Pad A and B storage tank losses at Kennedy Space Center, hydrogen operating systems, and education and outreach. The research is extremely important to Florida because hydrogen is the fuel of space vehicles; it is important to Florida\u27s spaceport activities, a$ 5 billion dollar per year industry; and hydrogen will play an important role in Florida\u27s and the nation\u27s move towards a hydrogen economy. As a note to the nation\u27s moving towards a hydrogen economy, Florida has already developed a cooperative partnership called the Florida Hydrogen Partnership to assist in this important activity. This presentation will discuss the research program and the benefits of the research to NASA. It will also consider the spin-off technology benefits for terrestrial applications. The presentation fo Howing this one, by the University of Florida, will give additional and more specific details on the programs being conducted under this research