272 research outputs found
Normal heat diffusion in many-body system via thermal photons
A normal-diffusion theory for heat transfer in many-body systems via carriers
of thermal photons is developed. The thermal conductivity tensor is rigorously
derived from fluctuational electrodynamics as a coefficient of diffusion term
for the first time. In addition, a convection-like heat transfer behavior is
revealed in systems of asymmetric distribution of particles, indicating
violation of Fourier's law for such system. Considering the central role of
thermal conductivity in heat transfer, this work paves a way for understanding,
analysis and manipulation of heat transfer in nanoparticle system via thermal
photons with many-body interactions.Comment: 4 figure
Oxytocin protects neurons from hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission in neonatal rats
Purpose: To study the protective effect of oxytocin on hypoxic-ischemic brain neuron injury in neonatal rats, and the mechanism of action involved.Methods: Hippocampal slices from neonatal SD rats were cultured in oxygen/glucose-deprived (OGD) solution, leading to establishment of hypoxic-ischemic model of hippocampal slices in vitro. The slices were assigned to 3 groups: control (ACSF solution), model (OGD solution), and oxytocin (OGD solution + 1 μM oxytocin). The effect of oxytocin on vertebral neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of HIBD rats was determined using TOPRO-3 staining, while the effects of oxytocin on hypoxic depolarization (AD) and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (iPSCs) were measured by cell patch clamp technique.Results: The fluorescence intensity of vertebral lamina in hippocampal CA1 area of model group was significantly higher than that of control group, while the corresponding value for oxytocin group was significantly lower than that of model group (p < 0.05). The time lapse before occurrence of AD in hippocampal CA1 area was significantly longer in oxytocin group than in model group, while the time lapse before neuronal AD in oxytocin receptor antagonist group was lower than that in oxytocin group. The frequency and amplitude of iPSCs in oxytocin group were markedly higher than the corresponding control values.Conclusion: Oxytocin exerts protective effect against hypoxic-ischemic brain neuronal damage in neonatal rats by regulating the activation of oxytocin receptor and GABA receptor, and inhibiting nerve transmission. These findings may be of benefit in the development of a suitable therapy for HIBD
Radiative heat transfer and radiative thermal energy for 2D nanoparticle ensembles
Radiative heat transfer (RHT) and radiative thermal energy (RTE) for 2D
nanoparticle ensembles are investigated in the framework of many-body radiative
heat transfer theory. We consider nanoparticles made of different materials:
metals (Ag), polar dielectrics (SiC) or insulator-metallic phase-change
materials (VO). We start by investigating the RHT between two parallel 2D
finite-size square-lattice nanoparticle ensembles, with particular attention to
many-body interactions (MBI) effects. We systematically analyze the different
physical regimes characterizing the RHT. When , a multiple
scattering of the electromagnetic field inside the systems gives rise to a MBI
regime. MBI effects manifest themselves in different ways, depending on :
(a) if , due to the pure intra-ensemble MBI inside each 2D
ensemble, the total heat conductance is less affected, and the thermal
conductance spectrum manifests a single peak which is nonetheless shifted with
respect to the one typical of two isolated nanoparticles. (b) if , there is a strong simultaneous intra- and inter-ensemble MBI. In
this regime there is a direct quantitative effect on the heat conductance, in
addition to a qualitative effect on the thermal conductance spectrum which now
manifests a new second peak. As for the RTE, to correctly describe the
radiation emitted by metallic nanoparticles, we derive an expression of the
Poynting vector including also magnetic contribution, in addition to the
electric one. By analyzing both periodic and non-periodic ensembles, we show
that the RTE emitted by a single 2D nanoparticle ensemble is sensitive to the
particle distribution. As instance, we see that the RTE emitted by 2D
concentric ring-configuration ensemble has an inhibition feature near the
center of the ensemble.Comment: 20 pages, 21 figure
Radiative heat transfer between metallic nanoparticle clusters in both near field and far field
Micro-nanoparticle systems have wide applications in thermal science and
technology. In dense particulate system, the particle separation distance may
be less than the characteristic thermal wavelength and near field effect will
be significant and become a key factor to influence thermal radiation transfer
in the system. In this study, radiative heat transfer (RHT) between two
metallic nanoparticles clusters are explored using many-body radiative heat
transfer theory implemented with the coupled electric and magnetic dipole
(CEMD) approach, which effectively takes into account the contribution of
magnetic polarization of metallic nanoparticles on heat exchange. As the focus,
the effects of magnetic polarization and many-body interaction (MBI) on RHT
were analyzed. The effects of fractal dimension and relative orientation of the
clusters were also analyzed. Results show that the contribution of magnetically
polarized eddy-current Joule dissipation dominates the RHT between Ag
nanoparticle clusters. If only electric polarization (EP approach) is
considered, the heat conductance will be underestimated as compared with the
CEMD approach in both near field and far field regime. The effect of MBI on the
RHT between Ag nanoparticle clusters is unobvious at room temperature, which is
quite different from the SiC nanoparticle clusters. For the latter, MBI tends
to suppress RHT significantly. The relative orientation has remarkable effect
on radiative heat flux for clusters with lacy structure when the separation
distance is in the near field. While for the separation distance in far field,
both the relative orientation and the fractal dimension has a weak influence on
radiative heat flux. This work will help the understanding of thermal transport
in dense particulate system.Comment: 7 figure
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