Table_3_Impact of management’s irrational expectations on corporate tax avoidance: A mediating effect based on level of risk-taking.docx

Frequent tax avoidance incidents have caused huge losses to corporate reputation and corporate value. Research is required on whether and how the irrational judgment of management, a powerful factor in corporate decision-making, affects corporate tax avoidance behavior. Taking all A-share listed companies from 2006 to 2020 as a sample, this paper empirically tests the relationships among management’s irrational expectations, level of corporate risk-taking, and level of corporate tax avoidance using an fixed effects regression model (FEM). The results of the three-stage regression model and Sobel test suggest that the level of corporate risk-taking plays a mediating role between managers’ irrational expectations and Corporate tax avoidance. The managers’ stockholding plays a moderating role in this process. This study also finds evidence that the irrational expectations of management lead to an increase in levels of research and development manipulation, which indirectly increases the level of corporate tax avoidance. Therefore, to control the risk caused by managers’ risky decisions, such as R&D manipulation and tax avoidance, it is necessary to lessen the effects of irrational expectations of management, and the management equity incentive plan has been identified as a reliable method in the risk reduction process.</p

Boosting ORR Activity in π‑Rich Carbon-Supported Sub‑3 nm Pt-Based Intermetallic Electrocatalysts via d–π Interaction

Regulating Pt–C interactions is the key to improving the performance of carbon-supported Pt-based electrocatalysts. However, the surfaces of common commercial carbon supports are relatively inert, and achieving strong bonding with metals remains a challenge. Herein, a simple method is employed to prepare highly dispersed and sub-3 nm PtCo intermetallic compounds (IMCs) supported on π-electron-rich nitrogen-doped petroleum vacuum residue-derived porous carbon (NPPC) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Strong interaction between the d-orbitals of PtCo particles (NPs) and the π electrons of NPPC significantly optimizes the metal d-orbitals. Such strong d–π interaction and the synergistic effect of pyridinic N further enhance the activity of the catalyst for ORR. The mass activity (MA) of the prepared PtCo/NPPC-800 catalyst (1.77 A mgPt–1) is experimentally demonstrated to be 11.8 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C (0.15 A mgPt–1) at 0.9 V vs RHE. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra confirm the low degree of π-electron delocalization of NPPC and high-strength Pt–C bonding. This work greatly improves the high value-added utilization of heavy oil and also provides new insights into the preparation of small-sized Pt-based IMC catalysts for ORR

Isobutylhydroxyamides from Sichuan Pepper and Their Protective Activity on PC12 Cells Damaged by Corticosterone

The pericarp of <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> Maxim., commonly known as Sichuan pepper, is a widely used spice to remove fishy odor and add palatable taste. A phytochemical investigation of the 95% ethanol extract of Sichuan pepper resulted in the isolation of 21 isobutylhydroxyamides, including 8 new ones named ZP-amides G–N, among which the chiral resolution of racemic ZP-amide A and ZP-amide B was successfully accomplished. The protective activity on corticosterone-treated PC12 cells of the isolated isobutylhydroxyamides was also evaluated. The new compounds <b>3</b>–<b>5</b> and the known compounds <b>1</b>, <b>1a</b>, <b>2</b>, <b>2a</b>, <b>11</b>, and <b>15</b> improved the survival rate of PC12 cells. The bioactivity studies disclosed the potential of Sichuan pepper to be developed as new neuroprotective functional food

Table_1_Clonal evolution characteristics and reduced dimension prognostic model for non-metastatic metachronous bilateral breast cancer.docx

BackgroundHow to evaluate the prognosis and develop overall treatment strategies of metachronous bilateral breast cancer (MBBC) remains confused in clinical. Here, we investigated the correlation between clonal evolution and clinical characteristics of MBBC; we aim to establish a novel prognostic model in these patients.MethodsThe data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and the First Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed for breast cancer–specific cumulative mortality (BCCM) by competing risk model. Meanwhile, whole-exome sequencing was applied for 10 lesions acquired at spatial–temporal distinct regions of five patients from our own hospital to reconstruct clonal evolutionary characteristics of MBBC. Then, dimensional-reduction (DR) cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves of MBBC features were established on different point in diagnostic interval time, to build a novel DR nomogram.ResultsSignificant heterogeneity in genome and clinical features of MBBC was widespread. The mutational diversity of contralateral BC (CBC) was significantly higher than that in primary BC (PBC), and the most effective prognostic MATH ratio was significantly correlated with interval time (R2 = 0.85, pConclusionsBilateral heterogeneous characteristics and interval time were determinant prognostic factors of MBBC. The DR prognostic nomogram may help clinicians in prognostic evaluation and decision making.</p

Image_2_Clonal evolution characteristics and reduced dimension prognostic model for non-metastatic metachronous bilateral breast cancer.jpeg

BackgroundHow to evaluate the prognosis and develop overall treatment strategies of metachronous bilateral breast cancer (MBBC) remains confused in clinical. Here, we investigated the correlation between clonal evolution and clinical characteristics of MBBC; we aim to establish a novel prognostic model in these patients.MethodsThe data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and the First Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed for breast cancer–specific cumulative mortality (BCCM) by competing risk model. Meanwhile, whole-exome sequencing was applied for 10 lesions acquired at spatial–temporal distinct regions of five patients from our own hospital to reconstruct clonal evolutionary characteristics of MBBC. Then, dimensional-reduction (DR) cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves of MBBC features were established on different point in diagnostic interval time, to build a novel DR nomogram.ResultsSignificant heterogeneity in genome and clinical features of MBBC was widespread. The mutational diversity of contralateral BC (CBC) was significantly higher than that in primary BC (PBC), and the most effective prognostic MATH ratio was significantly correlated with interval time (R2 = 0.85, pConclusionsBilateral heterogeneous characteristics and interval time were determinant prognostic factors of MBBC. The DR prognostic nomogram may help clinicians in prognostic evaluation and decision making.</p

Image_1_Clonal evolution characteristics and reduced dimension prognostic model for non-metastatic metachronous bilateral breast cancer.jpeg

BackgroundHow to evaluate the prognosis and develop overall treatment strategies of metachronous bilateral breast cancer (MBBC) remains confused in clinical. Here, we investigated the correlation between clonal evolution and clinical characteristics of MBBC; we aim to establish a novel prognostic model in these patients.MethodsThe data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and the First Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed for breast cancer–specific cumulative mortality (BCCM) by competing risk model. Meanwhile, whole-exome sequencing was applied for 10 lesions acquired at spatial–temporal distinct regions of five patients from our own hospital to reconstruct clonal evolutionary characteristics of MBBC. Then, dimensional-reduction (DR) cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves of MBBC features were established on different point in diagnostic interval time, to build a novel DR nomogram.ResultsSignificant heterogeneity in genome and clinical features of MBBC was widespread. The mutational diversity of contralateral BC (CBC) was significantly higher than that in primary BC (PBC), and the most effective prognostic MATH ratio was significantly correlated with interval time (R2 = 0.85, pConclusionsBilateral heterogeneous characteristics and interval time were determinant prognostic factors of MBBC. The DR prognostic nomogram may help clinicians in prognostic evaluation and decision making.</p

DataSheet_1_Clonal evolution characteristics and reduced dimension prognostic model for non-metastatic metachronous bilateral breast cancer.pdf

BackgroundHow to evaluate the prognosis and develop overall treatment strategies of metachronous bilateral breast cancer (MBBC) remains confused in clinical. Here, we investigated the correlation between clonal evolution and clinical characteristics of MBBC; we aim to establish a novel prognostic model in these patients.MethodsThe data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and the First Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed for breast cancer–specific cumulative mortality (BCCM) by competing risk model. Meanwhile, whole-exome sequencing was applied for 10 lesions acquired at spatial–temporal distinct regions of five patients from our own hospital to reconstruct clonal evolutionary characteristics of MBBC. Then, dimensional-reduction (DR) cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves of MBBC features were established on different point in diagnostic interval time, to build a novel DR nomogram.ResultsSignificant heterogeneity in genome and clinical features of MBBC was widespread. The mutational diversity of contralateral BC (CBC) was significantly higher than that in primary BC (PBC), and the most effective prognostic MATH ratio was significantly correlated with interval time (R2 = 0.85, pConclusionsBilateral heterogeneous characteristics and interval time were determinant prognostic factors of MBBC. The DR prognostic nomogram may help clinicians in prognostic evaluation and decision making.</p

Image_3_Clonal evolution characteristics and reduced dimension prognostic model for non-metastatic metachronous bilateral breast cancer.jpeg

BackgroundHow to evaluate the prognosis and develop overall treatment strategies of metachronous bilateral breast cancer (MBBC) remains confused in clinical. Here, we investigated the correlation between clonal evolution and clinical characteristics of MBBC; we aim to establish a novel prognostic model in these patients.MethodsThe data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and the First Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed for breast cancer–specific cumulative mortality (BCCM) by competing risk model. Meanwhile, whole-exome sequencing was applied for 10 lesions acquired at spatial–temporal distinct regions of five patients from our own hospital to reconstruct clonal evolutionary characteristics of MBBC. Then, dimensional-reduction (DR) cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves of MBBC features were established on different point in diagnostic interval time, to build a novel DR nomogram.ResultsSignificant heterogeneity in genome and clinical features of MBBC was widespread. The mutational diversity of contralateral BC (CBC) was significantly higher than that in primary BC (PBC), and the most effective prognostic MATH ratio was significantly correlated with interval time (R2 = 0.85, pConclusionsBilateral heterogeneous characteristics and interval time were determinant prognostic factors of MBBC. The DR prognostic nomogram may help clinicians in prognostic evaluation and decision making.</p

Additional file 2: of First identification and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in pet chipmunks (Eutamias asiaticus) in Sichuan Province, southwestern China

Figure S1. Phylogenetic relationships of Giardia duodenalis for the bg, tpi, and gdh loci (a, bg; b, tpi; c, gdh). The relationships between G. duodenalis genotypes identified in this study and other known genotypes deposited in GenBank were inferred by a neighbor-joining analysis of three genetic loci using the Kimura 2-parameter model. Bootstrap values greater than 50% from 1000 replicates are shown. Sequences obtained in this study are marked with a triangle. (TIFF 529 kb

L‑AP Alleviates Liver Injury in Septic Mice by Inhibiting Macrophage Activation via Suppressing NF-κB and NLRP3 Inflammasome/Caspase‑1 Signal Pathways

Liver injury and progressive liver failure are severe life-threatening complications in sepsis, further worsening the disease and leading to death. Macrophages and their mediated inflammatory cytokine storm are critical regulators in the occurrence and progression of liver injury in sepsis, for which effective treatments are still lacking. l-Ascorbic acid 6-palmitate (L-AP), a food additive, can inhibit neuroinflammation by modulating the phenotype of the microglia, but its pharmacological action in septic liver damage has not been fully explored. We aimed to investigate L-AP’s antisepticemia action and the possible pharmacological mechanisms in attenuating septic liver damage by modulating macrophage function. We observed that L-AP treatment significantly increased survival in cecal ligation and puncture-induced WT mice and attenuated hepatic inflammatory injury, including the histopathology of the liver tissues, hepatocyte apoptosis, and the liver enzyme levels in plasma, which were comparable to NLRP3-deficiency in septic mice. L-AP supplementation significantly attenuated the excessive inflammatory response in hepatic tissues of septic mice in vivo and in cultured macrophages challenged by both LPS and ATP in vitro, by reducing the levels of NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, and pro-IL-18 mRNA expression, as well as the levels of proteins for p-I-κB-α, p-NF-κB-p65, NLRP3, cleaved-caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. Additionally, it impaired the inflammasome ASC spot activation and reduced the inflammatory factor contents, including IL-1β and IL-18 in plasma/cultured superannuants. It also prevented the infiltration/migration of macrophages and their M1-like inflammatory polarization while improving their M2-like polarization. Overall, our findings revealed that L-AP protected against sepsis by reducing macrophage activation and inflammatory cytokine production by suppressing their activation in NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathways in septic liver