527 singleton fetuses/infants with adverse pregnancy/neonatal/growth outcomes designated as the case group, out of 19 187 pregnant women.

<p>*Spontaneous intrauterine death of a fetus from gestation week 20 but before delivery.</p>†<p>Fetal/infant death during delivery, which was not associated with improper management.</p>§<p>Including symptomatic abnormalities at birth and delayed or progressive abnormalities at follow-up, such as congenital heart diseases (12), congenital hydrocephalus and cerebral palsy (6), skull deformity (2), facial deformity (lip/cleft palate, etc. 15), strabismus (2) and amblyopia (3), dysaudia or hearing loss (4), congenital esophageal atresia (1) and megacolon (2), skeletal deformities (spine curvature, thoracic deformity, hand/foot deformity, etc. 17), and others (4).</p>¶<p>Identified based on child’s weight or height of less than two standard deviations below the mean for age, sex and district.</p><p>527 singleton fetuses/infants with adverse pregnancy/neonatal/growth outcomes designated as the case group, out of 19 187 pregnant women.</p

General characteristic of pregnant women with or without adverse pregnancy/neonatal/growth outcomes.

<p>*Low education level means illiteracy or basic education only, namely the Chinese nine-year compulsory education (elementary school education for 6 years and junior high school education for 3 years). Senior high school education and above was considered as “high level”.</p>†<p>Maternal basic disease: maternal disease existing before conception, including hypertension, cardiac disease, systematic lupus erythematosus and hyperthyreosis in this study.</p>§<p>Prior adverse pregnancy outcomes: including spontaneous abortion for twice or more, previous fetal, neonatal or infant death, congenital malformation, and growth retardation.</p><p>General characteristic of pregnant women with or without adverse pregnancy/neonatal/growth outcomes.</p

Pregnancy/neonatal outcomes and child growth in mothers with active CMV infection during pregnancy.

<p>Pregnancy/neonatal outcomes and child growth in mothers with active CMV infection during pregnancy.</p

Expression of PPARγ and NF-κB protein in placentas from control group and ICP groups.

<p>(A) Western blotting analysis of placental PPARγ and NF-κB protein expression in control, mild ICP and sever ICP groups. (B) Graphical summary of data on the expression of PPARγ protein. (C) Graphical summary of data on the expression of NF-κB protein. The data are expressed as the mean ± S.D., **<i>p</i><0.01 vs. control group.</p

Clinical characteristics of ICP and control groups.

<p>The data are expressed as the mean ± S.D., *<i>p</i><0.05 vs. control group, **<i>p</i><0.01 vs. control group. Χ²-test was used to evaluate the comparisons of the rates, *<i>p</i><0.05 vs. control group, **<i>p</i><0.01 vs. control group.</p

Serum biochemical characteristics of ICP and control groups.

<p>The data are expressed as the mean ± S.D., **p<0.01 vs. control group.</p

Expression of PPARγ and NF-κB protein in cultured HTR-8/SVneo cell.

<p>(A) Western blotting analysis of placental PPARγ and NF-κB protein expression in control, mild ICP and sever ICP group. (B) Graphical summary of data on the expression of PPARγ mRNA. (C) Graphical summary of data on the expression of NF-κB protein. The data are expressed as the mean ± S.D., ^##<i>p</i><0.01vs. control group, **<i>p</i><0.01 vs. TCA10 µM/L group.</p

Expression of PPARγ andNF-κB mRNA in cultured HTR-8/SVneo cell.

<p>(A) RT-PCR analysis of placental PPARγ and NF-κB mRNA expression in control, mild ICP and sever ICP group. (B) Graphical summary of data on the expression of PPARγ mRNA. (C) Graphical summary of data on the expression of NF-κB mRNA. The data are expressed as the mean ± S.D., ^##<i>p</i><0.01vs. control group, **<i>p</i><0.01 vs. TCA 10 µM/L group.</p

Serum biochemical characteristics of ICP and control groups.

<p>The data are expressed as the mean ± S.D., **<i>p</i><0.01 vs. control group.</p

PPARγ and NF-κB staining were found in the membrane and cytoplasm of placental trophoblast cell.

<p>×400 (A–C) PPARγ protein expressed in the placenta of control patients, mild ICP patients and severe ICP patients. (D–F) NF-κB protein expressed in the placenta of control patients mild ICP patients and severe ICP patients. PPARγ and NF-κB proteins expression were significantly different in control group and ICP groups.</p