An IDEF0 Design For PDM-based Die Integrated Intelligent Design System Functional Model

AbstractThis paper establishes a PDM–based integrated design system IDEF0 functional model. The system consist four charts: A-0 chart, A0 chart, A1chart and A2chart. A-0chart defines the range of the system; A0 chart includes 4 modules (task granting, outline design, detail design, evaluation); A1chart and A2 chart decompose and illuminate detail design module and machining processing design module. The system can be easily adapt and applied to many domains of product design and engineering design

Dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles as potential CT contrast agents for blood pool imaging

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles [Au DENPs] as a molecular imaging [MI] probe for computed tomography [CT]. Au DENPs were prepared by complexing AuCl4- ions with amine-terminated generation 5 poly(amidoamine) [G5.NH2] dendrimers. Resulting particles were sized using transmission electron microscopy. Serial dilutions (0.001 to 0.1 M) of either Au DENPs or iohexol were scanned by CT in vitro. Based on these results, Au DENPs were injected into mice, either subcutaneously (10 μL, 0.007 to 0.02 M) or intravenously (300 μL, 0.2 M), after which the mice were imaged by micro-CT or a standard mammography unit. Au DENPs prepared using G5.NH2 dendrimers as templates are quite uniform and have a size range of 2 to 4 nm. At Au concentrations above 0.01 M, the CT value of Au DENPs was higher than that of iohexol. A 10-μL subcutaneous dose of Au DENPs with [Au] ≥ 0.009 M could be detected by micro-CT. The vascular system could be imaged 5 and 20 min after injection of Au DENPs into the tail vein, and the urinary system could be imaged after 60 min. At comparable time points, the vascular system could not be imaged using iohexol, and the urinary system was imaged only indistinctly. Findings from this study suggested that Au DENPs prepared using G5.NH2 dendrimers as templates have good X-ray attenuation and a substantial circulation time. As their abundant surface amine groups have the ability to bind to a range of biological molecules, Au DENPs have the potential to be a useful MI probe for CT

The Effects of Campus Bump on Drivers’ Fixation Dispersion and Speed Reduction

To evaluate the effects of campus speed bumps on drivers’ speed and fixation distribution, a quasinaturalistic driving test was conducted on a Chinese campus. Seven randomly selected drivers, wearing the Dikablis eye tracking devices, were required to drive an OPEL SUV passing the speed bumps. The area close to the bump was divided into ten subsegments (15 m for each one). The degree of fixation dispersion within each subsegment was defined as the distance from each subcenter to the whole fixation center. All traffic data were recorded using mounted camera, and the trajectories were extracted in Matlab. The speed and trajectory data was divided into two groups: the before group for bump-free case and the after group for a 5 cm bump case. The observational before-after analysis shows statistical significance between the two cases. The individual vehicular speed analysis reveals that bump reduces nearly 60% of vehicles’ speeds to a certain extent within the distance from 30 m upstream to 15 m downstream. The drivers’ fixation points begin to disperse 30–45 m before they see the bump, and it falls back to normal level 15–30 m downstream of the bump. These findings will help engineers install speed bumps at the most appropriate locations

Follow-up study of neuropsychological scores of infant patients with cobalamin C defects and influencing factors of cerebral magnetic resonance imaging characteristics

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether baseline cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics could predict therapeutic responsiveness in patients with cobalamin C (cblC) defects.Materials and methodsThe cerebral MRI results of 40 patients with cblC defects were evaluated by a neuroradiologist. Neuropsychological scores and imaging data were collected. Neuropsychological tests were performed before and after standardized treatment.ResultsThirty-eight patients initially underwent neuropsychological testing [developmental quotient (DQ)]. CblC defects with cerebellar atrophy, corpus callosum thinning and ventricular dilation had significantly lower DQs than those without (P < 0.05). Through a multivariate linear stepwise regression equation after univariate analysis, ventricular dilation was the most valuable predictor of lower DQs. Thirty-six patients (94.7%) underwent follow-up neuropsychological testing. The pre- and post-treatment DQ values were not significantly different (Z = −1.611, P = 0.107). The post-treatment DQ classification (normal, moderately low, or extremely low) showed nearly no change compared to the pretreatment DQ classification (k = 0.790, P < 0.001).ConclusionVentricular dilation, cerebral atrophy and corpus callosum thinning are the main MRI abnormalities of cblC defects, and these manifestations are significantly correlated with delayed development in children. MRI findings can be considered an important tool for determining the severity of cblC defects

NIR molecule induced self-assembled nanoparticles for synergistic in vivo chemo-photothermal therapy of bladder cancer

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the commonest malignancies in the urinary system. Bladder cancer is divided into non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) according to the depth of invasion. Besides, the prognosis of MIBC remains poor. Surgical resection combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is the standard treatment for MIBC. However, the major obstacle that hinders successful chemotherapy is its lack of tumor targeting. Here, we fabricated nanoparticles that respond to near-infrared laser irradiation in order to increase the drug accumulation at the tumor sites and combine chemotherapy with photothermal therapy to overcome challenges of bladder cancer treatment. IR780 and Doxorubicin (DOX)were loaded into albumin nanoparticles (IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs). In the process of IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs synthesis, the near-infrared molecule IR780 was used as the assembly molecular bridge. Under irradiation, the nanoparticles were decomposed due to the degradation of IR780 while the release of DOX increased. Nanoparticles can be ingested by tumor cells in a short time. The IR780- DOX@Albumin NPs were sensitive to near-infrared laser irradiation. Near-infrared laser irradiation can promote the release of the drugs from the nanoparticles and induce a photothermal effect, thus destroying the tumor cells. Given the excellent tumor-targeting ability and negligible toxicity to normal tissue, IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs can greatly increase the concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs in tumor cells. This study combines photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to treat MIBC, so as to avoid chemotherapy resistance, reduce the toxicity to normal cells, and achieve the purpose of improving the treatment of MIBC

Progress in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer: a review

Historically, the chief focus of lymph node metastasis research has been molecular and clinical studies of a few essential pathways and genes. Recent years have seen a rapid accumulation of massive omics and imaging data catalyzed by the rapid development of advanced technologies. This rapid increase in data has driven improvements in the accuracy of diagnosis of lymph node metastasis, and its analysis further demands new methods and the opportunity to provide novel insights for basic research. In fact, the combination of omics data, imaging data, clinical medicine, and diagnostic methods has led to notable advances in our basic understanding and transformation of lymph node metastases in rectal cancer. Higher levels of integration will require a concerted effort among data scientists and clinicians. Herein, we review the current state and future challenges to advance the diagnosis of lymph node metastases in rectal cancer