Studi Penyisihan Cod-organik Pada Tahap Nitrifikasi Dan Denitrifikasi Dalam Sbr Menggunakan Air Limbah Coklat

Air limbah pabrik pembuatan makanan kecil coklat batangan yang berasal dari proses pencucian alat cetakan diketahui banyak mengandung gula, protein dan lemak atau minyak. Suatu permasalahan yang sering ditemui dalam proses lumpur aktif pada air limbah yang mengandung kadar organik dan senyawa nitrogen tinggi adalah terbentuknya nitrogen dalam bentuk nitrogen terokdidasi seperti nitrat dan nitrit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu aerobik dan anoksik dalam menurunkan kadar COD terlarut dan nitrat.Dari hasil percobaan didapatkan beberapa kesimpulan antara lain yakni makin besar periode aerasi dalam satu siklus waktu bioreaksi aerobik-anoksik sama maka makin besar pula penyisihan nitrat-N, dan makin besar produksi lumpur. COD terlarut akhir bioreaksi juga makin kecil bila periode aerasi lebih panjang walaupun total bioreaksi aerobik-anoksik sama. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk mencapai kondisi anoksik dari kondisi aerobik untuk masa aerasi 2-4 jam kurang dari 30 menit, sedangkan periode aerasi 5-6 jam butuh waktu < 40 menit. Penurunan nitrat- N dibawah baku mutu 10 mg/l, untuk periode arasi 2 – 4 jam juga < 30 menit dan periode aerasi 5 – 6jam butuh waktu < 40 menit

Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate From Nata De Coco as Ultrafiltration Membrane

This research was done to obtain membrane raw materials of cellulose acetate derived from Nata de Coco. Nata De Coco (microbial cellulose) with a thickness of 3-5 mm was obtained by fermentation of coconut water waste for six days. Microbial cellulose (CA-1) soaked in 2% NaOH for 24 hours then washed with distilled water and continued with second soaking using 2% acetic acid for 24 hours. Microbial cellulose (CA-2) was treated the same as the CA-1 but using 4% NaOH and acetic acid. Cellulose acetate was obtained through a process of microbial cellulose acetylation and hydrolysis for 20 hours, which predominantly contain cellulose triacetate with an acetyl content of 45.20% for CA-1 and 44.21% for CA-2. FT-IR analysis showed the absorption characteristic of C=O carbonyl group at wave number 1755.2 cm-1 (CA-1) and 1752.25 cm-1 (CA-2) and acetyl C-O group at wave numbers 1232 cm-1 until 1240 cm-1, which showed that synthesis of microbial cellulose into cellulose acetic have occur completely. Cellulose acetate membranes were obtained by dissolving the powder of cellulose acetate using the dichloromethane solvent, continued by immersion precipitation process. Membrane morphology was observed by SEM and the results showed that CA-1 membrane have a pore structure bigger than the CA-2 membrane. Membrane pore size of CA-1 is between 0.009 µm and 0.06 µm, while for CA-2 membrane is between 0.008 µm and 0.04 µm. Base on these characterization results, both synthesis membranes with a thickness of 0.015 mm were characterized as ultrafiltration membranes and have a good characteristic as an ultrafiltration membrane

Penentuan Koagulan Untuk Mengolah Air Lindi Bantar Gebang Menggunakan Koagulan Poly Aluminium Chloride, Tawas Dan Polydiallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride

DETERMINATION OF POLY ALUMINUM CHLORIDE, ALUM AND POLYDIALLYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE COAGULANT FOR WATER TREATMENT OF BANTAR GEBANGLEACHATE .The determination of the optimum dosage has been performed on three types of PAC coagulant, alum and POLYDADMAC in leachate water that comes from Waste Water Treatment Plant inlet (IPAS) III Bantar Gebang Bekasi. The aimof research to determine the type of coagulant and pH optimumdose and to treat water leachate and to know the nature or characteristics of the sludge coagulation results. Water Leachet coagulated and flocculated using jartest at pH of 7 at various dose of coagulant. PAC dose varied between 150 mg/L to 1200 mg/L, alum doses between 200 mg/L to 1400 mg/L and POLYDADMAC doses between 25 mg/L to 225 mg/L in order to obtain optimum coagulant dose. Coagulant optimum dose is then used to determine the optimum pH with pH varying ways coagulation at pH 6; 6.5; 7, 7.5 and 8. The parameters measured were COD, TSS, ammonia, nitrate and turbidity as well as the determination of the characteristics of the sludge in the form of value SVI (sludge volume index). Optimum COD removal was obtained at a dose of 800 mg/L for the PAC and 1200 mg/L for Tawas, and 125 mg/L for POLYDADMAC. Provision for ammonia and nitrate from coagulation and flocculation processes proved ineffective, decreased turbidity reached 66.6% - 71.2% and 42.4% TSS - 52%. The allowance for only the TSS and turbidity and did not have much effect on the elimination of ammonia and nitrate. The sludge were produced by coagulation showed that the results of coagulation with PAC, sludge were produced more compact and dense compared with alum and POLYDADMAC. Sludge were produced using coagulant of POLYDADMAC absorb more water than alum and PAC. The length of time required for drying the sludge to reach a stable weight was 12 days at room temperature 26.70 oC - 28.7 oC with humidity of 48-61%

Synthesis and Performances Test of Cellulose Acetate Membrane From Nata De Coco as Microfiltration Membrane to Reduce Turbidity in Artificial Water

In advanced water treatment applications, microfiltration membrane has been used to reduce turbidity, suspended solids, and bacteria. This research was aimed to know performances of cellulose acetate microfiltration membrane synthesized from Nata de coco to reduce turbidity in artificial water. Cellulose Acetate (CA) was obtained from acetylation for 20 hours and hydrolysis for 6 hours. Cellulose acetate obtained content 44.56 % acetyl. Cellulose acetate membrane was obtained by dissolving cellulose acetate in dichloromethane with 10% (w/v) of cellulose acetate concentration through immersed precipitation technique. Morphology imaging by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) method showed that the membrane was porous with pore sizes range from 3.45 μm to 10.60 μm, 6.48 μm average pore sizes, 121.05 μm membrane thickness, and asymmetric structured. Cross flow testing unit was used for flux and rejection of pure water and artificial water with various turbidity of 15, 40, and 55 NTU and operating pressure variation were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 atm. Best performances of flux was 214.9682 L.hr-1.m-2 in 15 NTU of feed concentration with operating pressure was 1.5 atm. Rejection was vary 92 - 98 % with higher rejection was 98.182 % in 55 NTU of feed concentration with operating pressure was 1.5 atm. Cellulose acetate membrane yielded from Nata de coco were considered to be microfiltration membrane categories and showed good performances to drinking water processing