Effects of Warm Tub Immersion Versus Cold Tub Immersion to Relieve Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Division 2 Collegiate Baseball Players

In our study we looked at the effects of warm tub immersion versus cold tub immersion to relieve delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in Division II collegiate athletes. We chose to research this topic because we are a group of three senior Athletic Training students and have seen the use of Cold Tub Immersion in everyday modality interventions to treat DOMS. In recent years there has been controversy over if Cold Tub Immersion is best patient care or if possibly implementing Warm Tub Immersion would be more effective in treating DOMS. Although there is a vast amount of literature examining the effect of Cold Tub Immersion to decrease DOMS, there is very little research comparing Warm Tub Immersion and Cold Tub Immersion. Therefore, we pursued this research project in attempt to discover the possible implementation of Warm Tub Immersion as an alternative or even preferred treatment of DOMS. Our methods included reaching out to Cedarville University spring sport athletes who were currently in their off season to ask for volunteers. We received seventeen volunteers, held an informational meeting, volunteers signed a consent form, then we began our study. We randomly split the participants into three groups; warm tub, cold tub, or control group. Before practice they were pretested with a rating 0-10 scale of perceived level of soreness, jump height, and peak hamstring/quadriceps strength. The volunteers next participated in their workout/practice then came back down for their assigned intervention. We did this routine every day for five consecutive days of pretest, practice, then intervention. The results of our study showed that there are no significant differences between cold tub immersion, warm tub immersion, and the control group in trying to relieve DOMS. In other words, we found no evidence suggesting that cold tub immersion or warm tub immersion had any effect on DOMS. With all this being said further research still should be completed to see about the creatine kinase levels in the blood, which is another factor of DOMS, to determine if either intervention has a greater effect on lowering those blood levels

Assessment of professional identity formation: Challenges and opportunities

This final chapter will discuss challenges of assessing PIF, available assessment tools, and future directions

Exploring the evolution of professional identity formation in health professions education

This article provides a general overview of professional identity formation (PIF) in health professions education, a summary of relevant theories related to PIF, and a description of pedagogical models which promote PIF

Evaluating the impact of a longitudinal patient case on the development of professionalism and professional identity

This article explores the student outcomes of a progressive case on the development of professional identity and professionalism within first-year student pharmacists

Different levels of overnutrition and weight gain during pregnancy have differential effects on fetal growth and organ development

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nearly 50% of U.S. women of child-bearing age are overweight or obese, conditions linked to offspring obesity and diabetes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Utilizing the sheep, females were fed a highly palatable diet at two levels of overfeeding designed to induce different levels of maternal body weight increase and adiposity at conception, and from conception to midgestation. Fetal growth and organ development were then evaluated at midgestation in response to these two different levels of overfeeding. Ewes were fed to achieve: 1) normal weight gain (control, C), 2) overweight (125% of National Research Council [NRC] recommendations, OW125) or 3) obesity (150% of NRC recommendations, OB150) beginning 10 wks prior to breeding and through midgestation. Body fat % and insulin sensitivity were assessed at three points during the study: 1) diet initiation, 2) conception and 3) mid-gestation. Ewes were necropsied and fetuses recovered at mid-gestation (day 78).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>OB150 ewes had a higher % body fat than OW125 ewes prior to breeding (P = 0.03), but not at mid-gestation (P = 0.37). Insulin sensitivity decreased from diet initiation to mid-gestation (P = 0.04), and acute insulin response to glucose tended to be greater in OB150 ewes than C ewes (P = 0.09) and was greater than in OW125 ewes (P = 0.02). Fetal crown-rump length, thoracic and abdominal girths, and fetal perirenal fat were increased in the OW125 and OB150 versus C ewes at mid-gestation. However, only fetal heart, pancreas, and liver weights, as well as lipid content of fetal liver, were increased (P < 0.05) in OB150 ewes versus both C and OW125 ewes at midgestation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data demonstrate that different levels of overfeeding, resulting in differing levels of maternal weight gain and adiposity prior to and during pregnancy, lead to differential effects on fetal overgrowth and organ development.</p

Impact of COVID-19 on mental health research: is this the breaking point?

There are many structural problems facing the UK at present, from a weakened National Health Service to deeply ingrained inequality. These challenges extend through society to clinical practice and have an impact on current mental health research, which was in a perilous state even before the coronavirus pandemic hit. In this editorial, a group of psychiatric researchers who currently sit on the Academic Faculty of the Royal College of Psychiatrists and represent the breadth of research in mental health from across the UK discuss the challenges faced in academic mental health research. They reflect on the need for additional investment in the specialty and ask whether this is a turning point for the future of mental health research

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of asthma in ethnically diverse North American populations.

Asthma is a common disease with a complex risk architecture including both genetic and environmental factors. We performed a meta-analysis of North American genome-wide association studies of asthma in 5,416 individuals with asthma (cases) including individuals of European American, African American or African Caribbean, and Latino ancestry, with replication in an additional 12,649 individuals from the same ethnic groups. We identified five susceptibility loci. Four were at previously reported loci on 17q21, near IL1RL1, TSLP and IL33, but we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that these loci are associated with asthma risk in three ethnic groups. In addition, we identified a new asthma susceptibility locus at PYHIN1, with the association being specific to individuals of African descent (P = 3.9 × 10(-9)). These results suggest that some asthma susceptibility loci are robust to differences in ancestry when sufficiently large samples sizes are investigated, and that ancestry-specific associations also contribute to the complex genetic architecture of asthma