Practice What We Teach: Our Ethical Connection to P-12 Schools

This article addresses the ethical interface of Educational Administration faculty, our degree and credential candidates, and the educational achievement of pre-school, kindergarten through high school (P-12) students. Culturally Proficient Coaching is presented as a set of integrated tools that can be used by Educational Administration faculty, P-12 school leaders, and classroom teachers in providing for the educational needs of students in our diverse communities

Salinity Tolerance of Selected Ectomycorrhizal Fungi (Pisolithus tinctorius Pers.) and Ectomycorrhizal Eucalypts

Increasing soil salinity has become a major problem worldwide. It has led to a reduction in the amount of arable land, has put at risk the supply of freshwater and threatens the existence of many natural habitats. The major increase in salinity has been attributed to human activities such as clearing of natural vegetation and large-scale irrigation programmes. The alleviation of this problem has focussed on changed management strategies. the most significant of which is the re-establishment of deep rooted plants in sail affected areas. This, however, is difficult because of the variation in salt tolerance of such plants and the problems created through nutrient deficiencies characteristic of such sites. This study investigated the role of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations in assisting eucalypts tolerate soil salt. The response of specific isolates of P. tinctorius Pers. To salinity in vitro was used to determine which may be the most effective when transferrred to saline soils. All isolates tested appeared to be at least tolerant or semi-tolerant to 150 mM NaCI. However, the different isolates produced different patterns of colony growth, making assessment of growth rates, and therefore salt tolerance, difficult. Inoculation of E. camaldulensis Dehnh. and E. diversicolor F. Muell. with spores of field collected Scleroderma species and Pisolithus tinctorius improved salt tolerance of E. camaldulensis but not E. diversicolor. Inoculation of E. diversicolor and E. camaldulensis seedlings and clones with P. tinctorius isolates used in in vitro studies, showed no significant growth response to salinity. This may be attributed to poor development of ECM structures within the root zone of these plants. Root and shoot proline content showed significant responses to both inoculation with ECM Fungi and salt treatment. These results did vary between experiments. Further research into the use of ECM to alleviate the problem of soil salinity is justified by this study. The development of new, and improvement of current techniques is discussed in light of these findings

Assessing Medical Room Behavior During Infants’ Painful Medical Procedures: The Measure of Adult and Infant Soothing and Distress (MAISD)

This study evaluated the Measure of Adult and Infant Soothing and Distress (MAISD) for examining infant, parent, and nurse behavior during infants’ immunizations. Videotapes of 62 infants, parents, and nurses during immunizations were coded. Concurrent validity and reliability for the MAISD were demonstrated. The scale revealed that infants displayed predominately distress, and adults exhibited primarily reassurance. Parents’ and nurses’ distractions were positively related to infants’ engaging in distraction, and parents’ and nurses’ reassurance was positively associated with infant distress. There appear to be avenues in which to intervene to teach parents and nurses how to best behave to help infants during their painful medical events

A statistical correlation of sunquakes based on their seismic and white-light emission

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the transient seismic emission, i.e. “sunquakes,” from some solar flares. Some theories associate high-energy electrons and/or white-light emission with sunquakes. High-energy charged particles and their subsequent heating of the photosphere and/or chromosphere could induce acoustic waves in the solar interior. We carried out a correlative study of solar flares with emission in hard X-rays, enhanced continuum emission at 6173 Å, and transient seismic emission. We selected those flares observed by the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) with a considerable flux above 50 keV between 1 January 2010 and 26 June 2014. We then used data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager onboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory to search for excess visible-continuum emission and new sunquakes not previously reported. We found a total of 18 sunquakes out of 75 flares investigated. All of the sunquakes were associated with an enhancement of the visible continuum during the flare. Finally, we calculated a coefficient of correlation for a set of dichotomic variables related to these observations. We found a strong correlation between two of the standard helioseismic detection techniques, and between sunquakes and visible-continuum enhancements. We discuss the phenomenological connectivity between these physical quantities and the observational difficulties of detecting seismic signals and excess continuum radiation

Project Coolbit: Can your watch predict heat stress and thermal comfort sensation?

10.1088/1748-9326/abd130ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS16

State transition of a non-Ohmic damping system in a corrugated plane

Anomalous transport of a particle subjected to non-Ohmic damping of the power $\delta$ in a tilted periodic potential is investigated via Monte Carlo simulation of generalized Langevin equation. It is found that the system exhibits two relative motion modes: the locking state and the running state. Under the surrounding of sub-Ohmic damping ($0<\delta<1$), the particle should transfer into a running state from a locking state only when local minima of the potential vanish; hence the particle occurs a synchronization oscillation in its mean displacement and mean square displacement (MSD). In particular, the two motion modes are allowed to coexist in the case of super-Ohmic damping ($1<\delta<2$) for moderate driving forces, namely, where exists double centers in the velocity distribution. This induces the particle having faster diffusion, i.e., its MSD reads $= 2D^{(\delta)}_{eff} t^{\delta_{eff}}$. Our result shows that the effective power index $\delta_{\textmd{eff}}$ can be enhanced and is a nonmonotonic function of the temperature and the driving force. The mixture effect of the two motion modes also leads to a breakdown of hysteresis loop of the mobility.Comment: 7 pages,7 figure

Closing the brief case: A Fatal Case of Necrotizing Fasciitis Due to Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

ANSWERS TO SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS 1. What is the most common etiology of monomicrobial (type 2) necrotizing fasciitis? a. Acinetobacter baumannii b. Staphylococcus aureus c. Streptococcus pyogenes d. Vibrio vulnificus Answer: c. Although all of the organisms listed cause type 2 necrotizing fasciitis, the most common cause is still S. pyogenes, with an incidence of 0.4 per 100,000 in the United States. Due to variations in reporting practices, the exact incidences of other etiologies are not known, but they are less common than S. pyogenes

Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods: The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings: In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 000 global deaths (487 000 to 630 000) in 2019. The number of HBV-related deaths increased between 1990 and 2019 (by 5·9% [–5·6 to 19·2]) and between 2015 and 2019 (by 2·9% [–5·9 to 11·3]). By contrast, all-age and age-standardised death rates due to HBV-related diseases decreased during these periods. We compared estimates for 2019 in 194 WHO locations to WHO-GHSS 2020 targets, and found that four countries achieved a 10% reduction in deaths, 15 countries achieved a 30% reduction in new cases, and 147 countries achieved a 1% prevalence in children younger than 5 years. As of 2019, 68 of 194 countries had already achieved the 2030 target proposed in WHO Interim Guidance of an all-age HBV-related death rate of four per 100 000. Interpretation: The prevalence of chronic HBV infection declined over time, particularly in children younger than 5 years, since the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination. HBV-related death rates also decreased, but HBV-related death counts increased as a result of population growth, ageing, and cohort effects. By 2019, many countries had met the interim seroprevalence target for children younger than 5 years, but few countries had met the WHO-GHSS interim targets for deaths and new cases. Progress according to all indicators must be accelerated to meet 2030 targets, and there are marked disparities in burden and progress across the world. HBV interventions, such as vaccination, testing, and treatment, must be strategically supported and scaled up to achieve elimination. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Peer reviewe