Risk factor distribution (anthropometrics, sunlight and environmental exposures) by <i>HLA-DRB1*01:01</i> and AH 8.1 (<i>HLA-A*01-B*08-DR*03-TNF-308A</i>) among controls in the NCI-SEER NHL multicenter case-control study (adjusted for age, education, sex, race, study center).

<p>Abbreviations: AH 8.1: ancestral haplotype 8.1 (<i>HLA-A*01-B*08-DR*03-TNF-308A</i>); HLA: human leukocyte antigen; NC:not calculated due to n<5 in cell; NCI-SEER: National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology & End <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0026949#s3" target="_blank">Results</a>; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.</p

Association (OR and 95% CI) for NHL, DLBCL, and follicular lymphoma for NHL-relevant risk factors (sunlight, environmental exposures), by <i>HLA-DRB1*01:01</i> allele status and adjusted for age, education, sex, race, and study center.

<p>Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; NC, not calculated due to n<5 in cell; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; OR, odds ratio.</p

Association (OR and 95% CI) for NHL, DLBCL, and follicular lymphoma for NHL-relevant risk factors (family/medical history and anthropometrics/diet), by AH 8.1 status (adjusted for age, education, sex, race, and study center).

<p>Association (OR and 95% CI) for NHL, DLBCL, and follicular lymphoma for NHL-relevant risk factors (family/medical history and anthropometrics/diet), by AH 8.1 status (adjusted for age, education, sex, race, and study center).</p

Association (OR and 95% CI) for NHL, DLBCL, and follicular lymphoma for NHL-relevant risk factors (family/medical history and anthropometrics/diet), by <i>HLA-DRB1*01:01</i> allele status and adjusted for age, education, sex, race, and study center.

<p>Association (OR and 95% CI) for NHL, DLBCL, and follicular lymphoma for NHL-relevant risk factors (family/medical history and anthropometrics/diet), by <i>HLA-DRB1*01:01</i> allele status and adjusted for age, education, sex, race, and study center.</p

Association (OR and 95% CI) for NHL, DLBCL, and follicular lymphoma for NHL-relevant risk factors (sunlight, environmental exposures), by AH 8.1 status (adjusted for age, education, sex, race, and study center).

<p>Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; NC, not calculated due to n<5 in cell; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; OR, odds ratio.</p

Risk factor distribution (demographics and family/medical history) by <i>HLA-DRB1*01:01</i> and AH 8.1 (<i>HLA-A*01-B*08-DR*03-TNF-308A</i>) among controls in the NCI-SEER NHL multicenter case-control study (adjusted for age, education, sex, race, study center).

<p>Abbreviations: AH 8.1: ancestral haplotype 8.1 (<i>HLA-A*01-B*08-DR*03-TNF-308A</i>); HLA: human leukocyte antigen; NC:not calculated due to n<5 in cell; NCI-SEER: National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology & End <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0026949#s3" target="_blank">Results</a>; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.</p

A role for pectin in the control of cell expansion

Uptake of nutrients and water depends on the growth of roots through elongation of individual cells near the. root tip. Many of the numerous components of Type I primary cell walls, those of dicotyledons and monocotyledons other than grasses (Poaceae), have been determined, and many hypotheses have been proposed for the control of cell expansion. This important aspect of plant growth still needs elucidation, however. A model is proposed in which pectin, which occurs as a calcium (Ca) pectate gel between the load-bearing cellulose microfibrils and xyloglucan (XG) chains, controls the rate at which cells expand. It is considered that the increasing tension generated by the expanding cell is transmitted to interlocked XG chains and cellulose microfibrils. The resulting deformation of the embedded Ca pectate gel elicits the excretion of protons from the cytoplasm, possibly via compounds such as cell wall-associated kinases, that weakens the Ca pectate gel, permitting slippage of XG molecules through the action of expansin. Further slippage is prevented by deformation of the pectic gel, proton diffusion, and the transfer of residual tension to adjacent XG chains. Evidence for this model is based on the effects of pH, Ca, and aluminum (Al) on root elongation and on the reactions of these cations with Ca pectate. This model allows for genetic selection of plants and adaptation of individual plants to root environmental conditions

Forest plots for association of rs2509049 with DLBCL, FL and all B-cell lymphomas.

<p>Squares indicate the ORs, with the sizes proportional to the weight of the study in the meta-analysis. Summary ORs with and without the inclusion of the BC population are indicated in bold and designated with a diamond extending the width of the CI. All p values are from a fixed effects model except those indicated with an asterisk (*) which are from a random effects model. <i>Q</i> values for analyses including the BC dataset for DLBCL, FL and All B cell groups are <i>Q</i>=0.876, <i>Q</i>=0.053 and <i>Q</i>=0.161 for combined sexes, and <i>Q</i>=0.344, <i>Q</i>=0.045 and <i>Q</i>=0.002 for females only, respectively. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; FL, follicular lymphoma; all B-cell, all B-cell lymphomas; SCALE, Scandinavian Lymphoma Etiology; SF, San Francisco; BC, British Columbia; NCI-SEER, National Cancer Institute - Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results; NSW, New South Wales. Figure created with rmeta version 2.16.</p

Linkage Disequilibrium for 13 SNPs in 1115 cases and controls in the BC population.

<p>Chromosomal coordinates (Hg18) and Entrez genes are mapped relative to the 13 SNPs analyzed in this study. The linkage disequilibrium plot shows <i>r</i>² values; predicted haplotype blocks are outlined in black. Figure created with Haploview version 4.2.</p