Law and the Poor in Rural India: The Prospects for Legal Aid

Movements come and go, in society at large no less than in the academy. Theories are refined; they inspire action, engender criticism, and secure successes and failures. Modern programs for social intervention in the contemporary United States, particularly those designed to alleviate poverty or to secure equal treatment for unpopular minorities (the have-nots ), have lately fallen on harder times. An obvious sign of this trend is the federal government\u27s curtailment of financial support. Recent signs from the Supreme Court also indicate a major withdrawal from past judicial activism in favor of the have-nots.\u27 Criticism of pro- grams of social intervention, however, has come not only from conservative politicians, but also from both the left and right of the scholarly community. A crisis of confidence has evolved in the government\u27s ability to help engineer a better society. The subject of this article involves two such movements: free legal aid (and related public interest litigation) and law and development (particularly the application of Western legal experience to the study of developing countries). Both movements have suffered intense criticism. Nevertheless, a new field has emerged-free legal aid in developing countries-which somewhat surprisingly has attracted support from scholars, governments, lawyers, and international institutions. As with other movements, legal aid in developing countries has undergone theoretical refinement. It has engendered action, criticism, some successes, and many failures. This is not to say that criticisms of both left and right have been so devastating as to invalidate these pro- grams for social intervention. Instead, many argue for program improvement and not for elimination. There exists, however, some profound criticisms of public interest litigation, legal aid, and law and development

A second anniversary operational review of the OmniTRACS(R): The first two-way mobile Ku-band satellite communications system

A novel two-way mobile satellite communications and vehicle position reporting system that is currently operational in the United States and Europe is described. The system characteristics and service operations are described in detail. Technical descriptions of the equipment and signal processing techniques are provided

Equitable Access in Education: Access to Joy, Choice Options, and Strong Neighborhood Schools

The purpose of this co-authored dissertation was to understand equitable access of quality educational opportunities in St. Louis, Missouri. Through the following research, we present a better understanding of equity and access in education from a classroom level, on a school level, and finally, on a regional level. This collection of research is the effort of a group of committed and concerned educators seeking to understand the ways of making quality education accessible for all families, specifically in the areas of school choice, quality neighborhood schools, and play in the classroom. By equitable access, we mean all families being able to participate in and take advantage of appropriate learning opportunities that they need or that are desired. Hollenkamp’s mixed methods research asked the question of how an increase in play and experiential education would impact early childhood learners both academically and social-emotionally and found that students who had opportunities to play at school grew at the same academic rate as peers who did not get to play while also showing higher levels of character development than their non-playing peers. Sanders’ mixed methods research examined enrollment trends in a neighborhood school and the effect of marketing and promoting strategies that work to make the school the desired choice for families in the neighborhood and found definitive ways to attract and retain families in a neighborhood school among other choice options. Schuessler’s mixed methods research examined how school enrollment processes impact equitable access to school choice options for traditionally underserved populations and found a range in the complexity of enrollment practices across schools that resulted in certain choice options being more accessible to underserved families and other options being less accessible. The collective impact of this research has the potential to improve educational outcomes for students on a variety of levels

Measurements of Temperature Variations in the Atmosphere near the Tropopause with Reference to Airspeed Calibration by the Temperature Method

Measurements of temperature variations in the atmosphere near the tropopause over land in the vicinity of Langley Field, Va., are presented. This investigation was made for the purpose of obtaining information on the accuracy of the temperature method(NACA TN 2046) of airspeed calibration over the range of Mach number from 0.6 to .08. The temperature surveys and the description of a specially designed thermometer are also presented

Our Economy is Evolving: Shouldn\u27t the Way We Measure It Evolve Too?

The Local Consumer Commerce Index is a measure of local economic activity parsed by a variety of consumer and merchant characteristics. By leveraging an administrative database of over 24 billion debit and credit card transactions made by over 64 million de-identified customers, this index from the JPMorgan Chase Institute addresses the lack of data series with sufficient spatiotemporal and demo/firmographic resolution to support tactical decision making in local economies. Each transaction carries the age and income of the consumer, the merchant size and type of product it sells, as well as the zip code of both. Using these characteristics we construct a measure of year-over-year spending growth by consumers at merchants located in 14 major metropolitan areas in the US. The index data are screened and weighted to represent population-wide spending levels. This unique lens on local economies is freely provided to the public in accordance with the Institute’s mission of advancing the public good. We have also extended this data asset beyond its use for reporting and economic monitoring. One extension has been our research that measures intra-city demand. By measuring the distance between where consumers live and the merchants at which they shop, we have lent nuance and granularity to policy discussions surrounding intra-city inequities in economic vitality. We hope to socialize the power of leveraging administrative data for the public good, in hopes that other administrative data-owners are encouraged to also furnish analyses based on their administrative data to help inform the public policy process