The Influence of Authentic Leadership on Fourth-Year Nursing Students\u27 Experience of Workplace Bullying and Withdrawal Intentions

Background: Nursing students are experiencing workplace bullying during clinical placements. Such experiences contribute to a loss of trust and decrease in communication, ultimately affecting patient care. This has resulted in nursing students contemplating leaving the profession. If projections are accurate, Canada will be short 60,000 nurses by the year 2022. With the current nursing shortage crisis and an aging workforce, it is cause for concern when future nurses report intentions to leave the profession. Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of preceptors’ authentic leadership on fourth-year nursing students’ experience of workplace bullying and withdrawal intentions during a final preceptorship. A non-experimental, descriptive, correlational survey research design was used to examine the relationship between major study variables. It was hypothesized that increased authentic leadership of preceptors would increase nursing students’ psychological capital, decrease workplace bullying from preceptors and nurses, increase their professional commitment and decrease withdrawal intentions. Based on the Avolio et al. (2004) theory of authentic leadership and Einersen’s (2009) theory of workplace bullying, the hypothesized model was tested on a sample of n= 306 fourth-year nursing students from five Southern Ontario universities. Results: Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as, observed variable path analysis. While the initial model demonstrated a poor fit with the observed variables (χ2(df)= 271.80 (9), p \u3c .001, RMSEA = .31 [.28 - .34], GFI = .78, NFI = .38, CFI = .38), the final model (χ2(df)= 13.03 (5), p = .02, RMSEA = .07 [.03, .12], GFI = .99, NFI = .97, CFI = .98) revealed authentic leadership influenced nursing students’ withdrawal intentions through two separate pathways. First, increased authentic leadership was related to a decrease in nursing students’ experience of workplace bullying from preceptors and nurses, which decreased their intentions to withdrawal from the nursing profession; and second, increased authentic leadership had a positive effect on nursing students’ psychological capital, which positively influenced their professional commitment and negatively influenced their withdrawal intentions. Conclusion: Study findings contribute to new nursing knowledge by identifying a link between authentic leadership of preceptors and nursing students’ experience of workplace bullying from preceptors and nurses, and intentions to withdrawal from the nursing profession

Jane Austen in contemporary film: Interpretations and reflections of Austen\u27s novels in contemporary culture

There is no escaping Jane Austen. Though it has been nearly two hundred years since her death, Austen and her work continues to capture the minds and hearts of readers worldwide. Our fascination with her novels continues to grow, finding new expression in literature, television and film each year. What makes this phenomenon so interesting is the reality that Austen’s novels are so firmly “dated” – that is, so rigorously cemented and relevant to the age in which it was written. Why do readers and viewers continue to find Austen’s works so relevant, given that it is so bound to this particular late eighteenth and early nineteenth century period and its social and cultural structures and values? This question is best explained through the examination of contemporary film that has so determinedly adapted her works over the past fifteen years. While these films labor to interpret Austen’s novels to film, at the same time they communicate through various departures how our perspective, both culturally and about Austen’s work – and period of history – has changed. Yet even in these departures, the films resonate dynamically with values which, over the course of two hundred years, remain unchanged. Despite the numerous and apparent shifts in culture, values and structures that have occurred in our world over the past two centuries, the core of what we value – what we hold to be most true and important – remains timeless

Peer Coaching at an Independent School

This action research study investigated the effects of peer coaching on an independent school’s culture, professional development, and growth mindset. The participants were eight middle scholar teachers, including the researcher. Each participant volunteered to be a part of a peer coaching pilot team in the spring semester of the 2018-2019 school year. Throughout the course of the pilot program, the participants were surveyed and interviewed independently on the topics of school culture, professional development, and growth mindset. As a team, the participants engaged in pre-observation, observation, and post-observation meetings as well as a final interview to debrief the pilot peer coaching program experience. The results of the study suggested that peer coaching has positive effects on the culture of a school, can aid in professional development, and may encourage a growth mindset within participants

Momentum, Heat, and Neutral Mass Transport in Convective Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Liquid Systems and Implications for Aqueous Targets

There is a growing interest in the study of plasma-liquid interactions with application to biomedicine, chemical disinfection, agriculture, and other fields. This work models the momentum, heat, and neutral species mass transfer between gas and aqueous phases in the context of a streamer discharge; the qualitative conclusions are generally applicable to plasma-liquid systems. The problem domain is discretized using the finite element method. The most interesting and relevant model result for application purposes is the steep gradients in reactive species at the interface. At the center of where the reactive gas stream impinges on the water surface, the aqueous concentrations of OH and ONOOH decrease by roughly 9 and 4 orders of magnitude respectively within 50 $\mu$m of the interface. Recognizing the limited penetration of reactive plasma species into the aqueous phase is critical to discussions about the therapeutic mechanisms for direct plasma treatment of biological solutions. Other interesting results from this study include the presence of a 10 K temperature drop in the gas boundary layer adjacent to the interface that arises from convective cooling and water evaporation. Accounting for the resulting difference between gas and liquid bulk temperatures has a significant impact on reaction kinetics; factor of two changes in terminal aqueous species concentrations like H$_2$O$_2$, NO$_2^-$, and NO$_3^-$ are observed if the effect of evaporative cooling is not included

A Comparative Analysis Of The Geology Tools Used During The Apollo Lunar Program And Their Suitability For Future Missions To The Moon

With the current push to return to planetary exploration it is important to consider what science will be performed on such missions and how it is to be performed. This study considered three hand tools used for geologic sampling during the Apollo missions to determine whether handle redesigns guided by NASA-STD-3001 improved the performance of the tools. The tools of interest were the large adjustable scoop, the rake, and the 32-inch tongs, selected for relevance and usability in the test location. The three tools with their original and modified handle diameters were tested with two subjects wearing the NDX-1 Planetary Suit and performed within the regolith bin operated by Swamp Works at Kennedy Space Center. The effects of the tool modifications on task performance did not conclusively demonstrate improvement. However, a methodology was developed that may prove beneficial in future tests using larger sample sizes