5 research outputs found
Machine Learning-Based Signal Degradation Models for Attenuated Underwater Optical Communication OAM Beams
Signal attenuation in underwater communications is a problem that degrades classification performance. Several novel CNN-based (SMART) models are developed to capture the physics of the attenuation process. One model is built and trained using automatic differentiation and another uses the radon cumulative distribution transform. These models are inserted in the classifier training pipeline. It is shown that including these attenuation models in classifier training significantly improves classification performance when the trained model is tested with environmentally attenuated images. The improved classification accuracy will be important in future OAM underwater optical communication applications
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Cigarette Smoking Interferes With Treatment of Hypertension
• We retrospectively analyzed two studies to determine whether smoking affected the treatment of hypertension. In a study of the effects of propranolol hydrochloride (a hepatically metabolized β-blocker) vs hydrochlorothiazide, 108 smokers and 232 nonsmokers were randomized to the propranolol treatment group. The propranolol-treated smokers tended to be younger, taller, thinner, and were more likely to be black. This group also had an initial blood pressure reduction (± SD) of -7.9 ± 12.9/ -8.7 ± 8.4 mm Hg compared with -10.7 ± 13.0/ -10.9 ± 7.1 mm Hg for the nonsmokers. Blood pressure increased less during the one-year maintenance period for the nonsmokers. However, when analyzed by race, this effect was seen in blacks, but not in whites. Diastolic blood pressure tended to be reduced more in nonsmokers (vs smokers) receiving hydrochlorothiazide (-12.1 ± 6.7 vs -10.7 ± 6.7 mm Hg, respectively). The second study compared the effects of nadolol (a renally excreted β-blocker) with bendroflumethiazide. There were no significant effects on blood pressure for either of these drugs. In both studies, there was a greater tendency for smokers to be terminated from the study irrespective of drug group. We conclude that cigarette smoking does interfere with the treatment of hypertension in general, and especially with reduction of blood pressure by propranolol in black patients.(Arch Intern Med 1988;148:2116-2119