Diet, perceived intestinal well-being and compositions of fecal microbiota and short chain fatty acids in oat-using subjects with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity

A gluten-free diet may result in high fat and low fiber intake and thus lead to unbalanced microbiota. This study characterized fecal microbiota profiles by 16S MiSeq sequencing among oat-using healthy adult subjects (n = 14) or adult subjects with celiac disease (CeD) (n = 19) or non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) (n = 10). Selected microbial metabolites, self-reported 4d food diaries and perceived gut symptoms were compared. Subjects with NCGS experienced the highest amount of gut symptoms and received more energy from fat and less from carbohydrates than healthy and CeD subjects. Oat consumption resulted in reaching the lower limit of the recommended fiber intake. Frequent consumption of gluten-free pure oats did not result in microbiota dysbiosis in subjects with CeD or NCGS. Thus, the high number of gut symptoms in NCGS subjects was not linked to the microbiota. The proportion of fecal acetate was higher in healthy when compared to NCGS subjects, which may be linked to a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium in the control group compared to NCGS and CeD subjects. Propionate, butyrate and ammonia production and β-glucuronidase activity were comparable among the study groups. The results suggest that pure oats have great potential as the basis of a gluten-free diet and warrant further studies in minor microbiota disorders. View Full-TextKeywords: oats; celiac disease; non-celiac gluten sensitivity; intestinal microbiota; gluten-free; SCFAs</div

Supplementary Material for: Breast Milk Polyamines and Microbiota Interactions: Impact of Mode of Delivery and Geographical Location

<p><b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify the polyamine levels in human milk obtained from different countries and through different modes of delivery, and to investigate their association with breast milk microbes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Mature breast milk samples were obtained from 78 healthy mothers after 1 month of lactation from 4 different geographical locations: Finland, Spain (Europe); South Africa (Africa); and China (Asia). Polyamines were determined using HPLC after dansyl derivatization and milk microbiota was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean values of polyamines in breast milk were 70.0, 424.2, and 610.0 nmol/dL for putrescine, spermidine and spermine, respectively, and 1,170.9 nmol/dL of total polyamines. The levels of putrescine were significantly higher in Spain (<i>p < </i>0.05) and spermidine levels were significantly higher in Finland (<i>p < </i>0.05) compared with other countries. Cesarean delivery had an impact on polyamine levels and it was related to an increase in the putrescine concentration being significant in Spanish samples (<i>p < </i>0.01). Furthermore, putrescine levels were correlated positively with Gammaproteobacteria (<i>r</i> = 0.46, <i>p < </i>0.001), especially with <i>Pseudomonas fragi </i>(<i>r</i> = 0.40, <i>p < </i>0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results demonstrate significant effect of geographical variations in human milk polyamine concentrations, being correlated with human milk microbiota composition. These differences may have an impact on infant development during lactation.</p