Lung function in NYUBAR groups (N = 471).

<p>Lung function in NYUBAR groups (N = 471).</p

Subject characteristics in NYUBAR groups (N = 471).

*<p>Data missing for GERD in 8 subjects, hypertension in 9 subjects, diabetes in 5 subjects, eczema in 8 subjects; data missing for ever intubated in 8 subjects.</p>†<p>Of 267 subjects self-reporting ethnicity as Hispanic, 3% (n = 7) of subjects reported Black race: 5 subjects were in Group 2 and 2 subjects were in Group 5.</p

Application of the Asthma Phenotype Algorithm from the Severe Asthma Research Program to an Urban Population

<div><h3>Rationale</h3><p>Identification and characterization of asthma phenotypes are challenging due to disease complexity and heterogeneity. The Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) used unsupervised cluster analysis to define 5 phenotypically distinct asthma clusters that they replicated using 3 variables in a simplified algorithm. We evaluated whether this simplified SARP algorithm could be used in a separate and diverse urban asthma population to recreate these 5 phenotypic clusters.</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>The SARP simplified algorithm was applied to adults with asthma recruited to the New York University/Bellevue Asthma Registry (NYUBAR) to classify patients into five groups. The clinical phenotypes were summarized and compared.</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>Asthma subjects in NYUBAR (n = 471) were predominantly women (70%) and Hispanic (57%), which were demographically different from the SARP population. The clinical phenotypes of the five groups generated by the simplified SARP algorithm were distinct across groups and distributed similarly to those described for the SARP population. Groups 1 and 2 (6 and 63%, respectively) had predominantly childhood onset atopic asthma. Groups 4 and 5 (20%) were older, with the longest duration of asthma, increased symptoms and exacerbations. Group 4 subjects were the most atopic and had the highest peripheral eosinophils. Group 3 (10%) had the least atopy, but included older obese women with adult-onset asthma, and increased exacerbations.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Application of the simplified SARP algorithm to the NYUBAR yielded groups that were phenotypically distinct and useful to characterize disease heterogeneity. Differences across NYUBAR groups support phenotypic variation and support the use of the simplified SARP algorithm for classification of asthma phenotypes in future prospective studies to investigate treatment and outcome differences between these distinct groups.</p> <h3>Trial Registration</h3><p>Clinicaltrials.gov <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00212537">NCT00212537</a></p> </div

Kaplan-Meier estimation of asthma-free survival among 294 adults with asthma according to <i>H. pylori</i> status (– – – <i>H. pylori</i> negative (n = 159); ---- <i>H. pylori</i>+/CagA− (n = 64); CagA+ (n = 71).^a

<p>^a (Data for age of asthma onset are not available for 24 of the 318 cases).</p

Subject characteristics of NYUBAR asthma cases (N = 471).

*<p>Data on income missing on 73 subjects, we report percentage for only those reported; data on former smoking status missing on 1 subject.</p>†<p>Of 267 subjects self-reporting ethnicity as Hispanic, 97% (n = 260) of subjects reported White race and 3% (n = 7) reported Black race.</p

Asthma exacerbations and healthcare utilization (HCU) for NYUBAR groups in the year prior to study enrollment.

<p>No exacerbation is shown in black; any OCS or ED visit is shown in dark gray; and any HA is shown in light gray. Data missing in 11 subjects; (p value = .02, χ² test).</p

Association between <i>H. pylori</i> status or atopy and asthma using generalized estimating equation (GEE) multiple logistic regression analysis (N = 525).

a<p>Multivariate analysis performed using GEE and adjusted for age (in years), education (in years), income, race (white, black, other) and Hispanic ethnicity.</p>b<p>Atopy defined as any allergen-specific IgE.</p

Characteristics of the case control study population.

†<p><i>p</i>-values are from the Wilcoxon test and are provided for quantitative variables.</p>*<p>Adjusted for income (using 5 categories shown in table) and race via logistic regression.</p>a<p>Atopy defined as presence of any allergen-specific IgE at a level >35 kIU/L.</p

Real-time Taqman RT-PCR measurement of transcripts levels of selected genes potentially involved in dormancy and synthesis of storage lipids (TG and WE) in <i>Mtb</i> H37Rv under multiple-stress.

<p>Relative quantitation method (ddCt) was used with the 7500 Fast real time system and analysis was done using SDS v1.4 software of Applied Biosystems Inc. <i>sigA</i> was used as the endogenous control to normalize expression values and samples of starter cultures (day 0) were used as calibrator to calculate the fold induction. Y axis is in log scale.</p

Cell-associated SIV Gag DNA and RNA levels in LN and gut tissues during cART and SAHA therapy^*.

<p>*Table shows results for SIV Gag DNA and RNA/10⁸ cells equivalent, the ratio of cell number normalized SIV Gag DNA:SIV Gag RNA, and the fold difference from pre-SAHA baseline normalized RNA:DNA values. Samples were analyzed as described in Methods and in ref 19 for pre-necropsy samples, and in ref 20 for necropsy samples. BLQ indicates sample below assay quantification limits. NA indicates parameter not calculatable due to lack of quantifiable assay value.</p