Effects of seasonal change on activity rhythms and swimming behavior of age-0 bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) and a description of gliding behavior

Daily and seasonal activity rhythms, swimming speed, and modes of swimming were studied in a school of spring-spawned age-0 bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) for nine months in a 121-kL research aquarium. Temperature was lowered from 20° to 15°C, then returned to 20°C to match the seasonal cycle. The fish grew from a mean 198 mm to 320 mm (n= 67). Bluefish swam faster and in a more organized school during day (overall mean 47 cm/s) than at night (31 cm/s). Swimming speed declined in fall as temperature declined and accelerated in spring in response to change in photoperiod. Besides powered swimming, bluefish used a gliding-upswimming mode, which has not been previously described for this species. To glide, a bluefish rolled onto its side, ceased body and tail beating, and coasted diagonally downward. Bluefish glided in all months of the study, usually in the dark, and most intensely in winter. Energy savings while the fish is gliding and upswimming may be as much as 20% of the energy used in powered swimming. Additional savings accrue from increased lift due to the hydrofoil created by the horizontal body orientation and slightly concave shape. Energy-saving swimming would be advantageous during migration and overwintering

Changes Coming: How Information Literacy and Presentation Software Intersect

Information literacy should promote changes in a person’s attitude and actions regarding an issue. Learning how to access and use resources is ineffective if changes do not occur in communicating more effectively. This paper focuses on eight changes: audience, storyboard, master views, handouts, action , control keys, bullets, and photography

Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual (Savi): Its Effectiveness to Teach Writing From the Perspective of Students' Critical Thinking

SAVI is a method used in teaching and learning process which has four main aspects, they are Somatic, it is learning by moving and doing; Auditory, it is learning by talking and hearing; Visual, it is learning by observing and seeing; Intellectual, it is learning by problem solving and reflecting. This article refers to an experimental study on the effectiveness of SAVI to teach writing at one of senior high school in Metro, Lampung. The samples were two classes namely experimental class which was taugh using SAVI and control class which was taught by TSTS. Each class consisted of two groups based on the level of critical thinking (high and low). To gain the data, two instruments were used namely writing test and critical thinking test. The data were, then, analysed by using Multifactor Analysis of Variance ANOVA 2X2 and Tukey test. Before conducting the ANOVA test, pre-requisite test namley normality and homogeneity test were conducted. The findings of this research are: (1) SAVI is more effective than TSTS (2) The students with high critical thinking have better writing skill than those having low critical thinking; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching methods and students' critical thinking in teaching writing. Therefore, it is recommended for English teachers to implement SAVI in teaching writing activities because this method gives positive contribution in improving the students writing skill and facilitating the students' critical thinking to produce a good text

The Law\u27s Mystery

What is the continuing significance of Cohen v. California, the 1971 U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that “Fuck the Draft” is a message protected by the First Amendment? Using Cohen as an exemplar, this article offers a new theory about how to understand the law and judicial opinions. The theory begins in a recognition of the “law” as resting upon mystery and uncertainty, a mystery that is also the source of the law’s enchantment. It is this enchantment that we depend upon for the law to be authoritative rather than authoritarian and reducible to the political and thus to power. In simple terms, the mystery of the law—its being beyond us in this way—constitutes its legitimate authority over us. The law that discloses itself to us does so through the openings that language provides. For our culture, judicial opinions are its primary way of doing this. Having introduced the theory, the article applies it, exploring whether it is possible to bring to the surface the tracings of a “great” judicial performance, using “great” in the sense of revealing an opening through which the law discloses itself. This section describes a reading of Cohen that aims to discover whether through the performance of the opinion, its author has uncovered something that is “of the essence” of our community. The article finally raises questions about what it would mean to legal education and law practice if judicial opinions were evaluated without destroying the law’s mystery. What would it mean if we thought of judges as preservers of this mystery? What would it mean if readers of opinions started thinking in terms of their own experience of the opinion rather than as critics of it? And what would it mean if lawyers saw their task as related to “truth”

Efficient data augmentation techniques for some classes of state space models

Data augmentation improves the convergence of iterative algorithms, such as the EM algorithm and Gibbs sampler by introducing carefully designed latent variables. In this article, we first propose a data augmentation scheme for the first-order autoregression plus noise model, where optimal values of working parameters introduced for recentering and rescaling of the latent states, can be derived analytically by minimizing the fraction of missing information in the EM algorithm. The proposed data augmentation scheme is then utilized to design efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms for Bayesian inference of some non-Gaussian and nonlinear state space models, via a mixture of normals approximation coupled with a block-specific reparametrization strategy. Applications on simulated and benchmark real datasets indicate that the proposed MCMC sampler can yield improvements in simulation efficiency compared with centering, noncentering and even the ancillarity-sufficiency interweaving strategy.Comment: Keywords: Data augmentation, State space model, Stochastic volatility model, EM algorithm, Reparametrization, Markov chain Monte Carlo, Ancillarity-sufficiency interweaving strateg

The Crustacean and Molluscan Fisheries of Honduras

Honduras has many communities of artisanal fishermen who land various species of crustaceans and mollusks, using hands, nets, traps, and free diving from shore and from dugout canoes. It also has industrial fisheries for spiny lobster, Panulirus argus; queen conch, Strombus gigas; and mainly pink shrimp, Penaeus notialis, using traps, scuba divers, and trawl nets