STUDY OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ENZYME AND ISOPROSTANE ON PREECLAMPSIA WITH NIFEDIPINE, METHYLDOPA, AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE THERAPY

Objective: The objective of this research is to measure erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity and isoprostane andto correlate enzyme activity of G6PD with proteinuria and isoprostane in pregnant with proteinuria after the administration of nifedipine, methyldopa,and magnesium sulfate.Methods: This cross-sectional study was held in Soewandi Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. This study used total sampling as much as 30pregnant women with proteinuria who got nifedipine, methyldopa, and magnesium sulfate administration, age ranged from 17 to 48 years during theirthird trimester (>20 weeks). G6PD enzyme activity was measured from plasma by spectrophotometric method; plasma isoprostane was measuredby competitive-ELISA method; and proteinuria urine spot was analyzed by urine dipstick from standardized laboratory of the hospital. Statisticalanalysis used in this study was Spearman’s correlation coefficient.Results: In this research, the effect of proteinuria +1 (OR=0.056) is lower than proteinuria +3 level on the presence of high G6PD enzyme activity,and proteinuria +2 (OR=0.933) is lower than proteinuria +3 level on the presence of high G6PD enzyme activity in pregnant women with proteinuria.G6PD enzyme was positively correlated (p=0.08) with proteinuria, and the connection was statistically significant. There was no significant statisticcorrelation between G6PD enzyme activity and isoprostane concentration (p=0.797).Conclusion: This study found correlations between the enzyme activity of G6PD and proteinuria as the marker of renal damage in pre-eclampsia (PE)with the administration of nifedipine, methyldopa, and magnesium sulfate. However, it had no correlation with isoprostane as the marker of oxidativestress. This study suggests that there should be a concern about understanding the pathophysiology of proteinuria for possibility of drug target forindividuals with PE

THE COMBINATION OF EXERCISE AND ASCORBIC ACID DECREASE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND TEND TO AMELIORATE PANCREATIC ISLETS AREA ON HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET RATS

Objective: This study is conducted to determine the protective effects of physical exercise and ascorbic acid on increasing blood glucose (BG) levels and islet pancreatic area in high-carbohydrate (HC) diet rats. Methods: A total of 20 rats were divided into four groups: Control group which was a HC and treatment groups which were HC plus exercise (HCEx), HC plus ascorbic acid (HCAs), and HCEx and ascorbic acid (HCExAs). The duration of treatment was 9 weeks. Swimming to exercise held 6 times a week and ascorbic acid dose was 9 mg. Results: It showed that the smallest body weight was HCEx group. BG difference (before and after treatment = BG diff) had a significant difference (p=0.021) among groups, and the lowest level of BG diff was HCEx group. HCAs had the biggest BG diff. However, there was no significantly difference among groups on islet pancreatic area, but HC group had the largest area. Conclusion: This study suggests that a combination of exercise and ascorbic acid on HC diet subject may regulate BG level compared to the exercise or ascorbic acid alone. However, they do not influence pancreatic islet area

The Combination of exercise and ascorbic acid decrease blood glucose level and tend to ameliorate pancreatic islets area on high carbohydrate diet rats

Objective: This study is conducted to determine the protective effects of physical exercise and ascorbic acid on increasing blood glucose (BG) levels and islet pancreatic area in high-carbohydrate (HC) diet rats. Methods: A total of 20 rats were divided into four groups: Control group which was a HC and treatment groups which were HC plus exercise (HCEx), HC plus ascorbic acid (HCAs), and HCEx and ascorbic acid (HCExAs). The duration of treatment was 9 weeks. Swimming to exercise held 6 times a week and ascorbic acid dose was 9 mg. Results: It showed that the smallest body weight was HCEx group. BG difference (before and after treatment = BG diff) had a significant difference (p=0.021) among groups, and the lowest level of BG diff was HCEx group. HCAs had the biggest BG diff. However, there was no significantly difference among groups on islet pancreatic area, but HC group had the largest area. Conclusion: This study suggests that a combination of exercise and ascorbic acid on HC diet subject may regulate BG level compared to the exercise or ascorbic acid alone. However, they do not influence pancreatic islet area

Nanoemulsion of turmeric in VCO inhibit the progressivity of lung fibrosis due to cigarette exposure

Pulmonary fibrosis is a form of lung damage caused by chronic inflammation. One of the causes is cigarette smoke exposure, which can damage cilia and epithelial cells, that is able to stimulate oxidative stress as well. The inflammatory response by inflammatory cells triggers release of inflammatory mediators, for example, TNF-α. Increased levels of TNF-α indicate a high inflammatory process and a high risk of pulmonary fibrosis. Nanoemulsion of turmeric extract in VCO contains curcumin, which can suppress the secretion and expression of TNF-α through several pathways. This study is aimed to analyze the inhibitory effect of turmeric extract nanoemulsion in VCO on pulmonary fibrosis in an inflammatory way. In this study, 40 white rats were used and divided into five groups; K0 was negative controls group, K1 was exposed to smoke from two cigarettes/day for 42 days, K2 received 0.3 mL dose of nanoemulsion + cigarette exposure, K3 received 0.6 mL dose of nanoemulsion + cigarette exposure and K4 received dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kgBW) + cigarette exposure. Furthermore, plasma TNF-α levels taken from cardiac blood and histopathological preparations (HE, MA) were made from the right lung. One-way ANOVA test was used to analyze plasma TNF-α levels, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze fibrosis degree scoring based on Aschroft Modification Scale and the correlation test was analyzed by Spearman test. The results showed that 0.3 mL of turmeric extract nanoemulsion in VCO had the best inhibitory effect on progressivity tissue damage and pulmonary fibrosis

Counselling and Screening of Hepatitis B Virus Infection In Dukuh Kupang Community, Dukuh Pakis District, Surabaya

Background. Indonesia is a country with high endemicity of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. HBV infection is still a problem in society due to limited knowledge of the community and lack of available access to its diagnosis and treatment. Patients with hepatitis B each year is steadily increasing, especially in areas with high risk, including former prostitution area in Surabaya such as in Dukuh Pakis District. Aims. This activity was aimed to give understanding of HBV infection and perform early detection of HBV infection in Dukuh Kupang Community, Dukuh Pakis District, Surabaya. Methods. A community service in the form of counselling to increase knowledge and understanding of hepatitis B was done to community in Dukuh Kupang, Dukuh Pakis Regency, Surabaya. Pretest and post test were conducted to determine the initial understanding and post socialization knowledge for these people. Laboratory tests such as HBsAg and ALT were performed for screening of HBV infection. Private counselling for participants who positively detected infected with HBV was also done. Results. Based on the summary of pretest and post test from the participants, an increase in participants' knowledge of hepatitis B was found. The number of participants followed laboratory examination were 58 participants from 72 participants who attended counselling. From the laboratory results, as much as 3 positive participants (5.17%) were newly found infected with HBV, proved with positive HBsAg. One participant of them has increased ALT. Further counselling and assistance for participants with positive HBsAg were performed. Conclusion. Counselling was effective to increase knowledge of hepatitis B for Dukuh Kupang Community. Screening also found naive HBV infection in these people. Similar program can be performed in communities in other areas to increase prevention and early detection of HBV infection in Indonesia, especially Surabaya

The Improvement of Community Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices After COVID-19 Socialization

This study determined community knowledge, attitudes, and practices after COVID-19 socialization in Rambipuji and Suci Village, Jember District, East Java, Indonesia. This study used the analytic observational design study. As many as 40 people were given socialization about COVID-19 by gathering and online. The questionnaires were completed in two parts included before-socialization and after-socialization. The questionnaire data were analyzed descriptively by calculating frequency, percentage, and inferential statistics by t-test, Spearman correlation, and chi-square test. The data analysis used IBM SPSS version 23 software. The mean and standard deviation of percentage of knowledge pre-test, knowledge post-test, high attitude, moderate attitude, low attitude, very high practice, high practice, sufficient practice, and low practice were 58.33 ± 30.97, 77.70 ± 22.52, 62.5±21.7, 31±22.2, 6.5±17.1, 65±13.8, 32.3±13.8, 1.25±2.4, 1.25±1.8, respectively. Knowledge pre-test and post-test correlated 0.819 (p=0.001) and a t-test with p=0.003. Attitudes and practices correlated with p=0.001. Socialization of COVID-19 was useful to improve the community knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Rambipuji and Suci Village, Jember District, East Java, Indonesia that could prevent the transmission and inhibit the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Furthermore, continuous encouragement of COVID-19 socialization in wide areas was recommended

Analisis Pola Perubahan Aktivitas Enzim Glukosa-6-Fosfat Dehidrogenase (G6pd), Kadar Enos, Dan F2-Isoprostan Pada Pasien Preeklampsia Di Surabaya

Latar Belakang: Preeklampsia (PE) merupakan kegagalan plasenta dalam kehamilan akibat ROS yang tinggi. Kadar ROS yang tinggi, menimbulkan stress oksidatif, menyebabkan gangguan keseimbangan redoks dalam tubuh. G6PD adalah enzim penghasil NADPH untuk meredam ROS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola perubahan aktivitas enzim G6PD, kadar eNOS dan F2-isoprostan pada pasien PE di Surabaya. Metode: Sebanyak 140 ibu hamil dibagi menjadi kelompok PE (n=70) dan non-PE (n=70). Data usia partisipan, usia kehamilan, jumlah pernikahan, jumlah kehamilan, suku, IMT, kadar Hb, tekanan darah dan proteinuria untuk mengetahui faktor risiko. Pengukuran aktivitas G6PD dengan spektrofotometri, kadar eNOS, dan F2-isoprostan dengan ELISA. Hasil: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok (p≥0,05) pada usia, jumlah pernikahan, jumlah kehamilan, dan kadar Hb. Sedangkan suku, usia kehamilan, IMT, tekanan darah, dan proteinuria ada perbedaan yang bermakna antar kelompok (p0,05). Berdasarkan aktivitas enzim G6PD, didapatkan pola perubahan kadar eNOS yang tidak bermakna (p≥0,05), tetapi rerata kadar eNOS cenderung meningkat. Sedangkat aktivitas enzim G6PD terhadap kadar F2-isoprostan terdapat pola penurunan kadar F2-isoprostan yang bermakna (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat pola peningkatan aktivitas enzim G6PD dan kadar eNOS pada PE. Berdasarkan aktivitas G6PD, didapatkan pola kadar F2-isoprostan menurun dan kadar eNOS tetap, namun cenderung meningkat. Pola perubahan tersebut adalah mekanisme kompensasi untuk proteksi ROS pada saat periode kehamilan. Namun, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk memperjelas mekanisme dengan memeriksa variabel yang lain

Prevention and Early Detection of Metabolic Syndrome in Household Community, Surabaya

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome is a collection of factors believed to increase the risk of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The incidence of metabolic syndrome in young adults is increasing, especially in Asian countries. Therefore we need efforts to increase knowledge in society about this disease. Aim. We conducted a socialization program on prevention and early detection of metabolic syndrome in household community to increase public knowledge about this disease. Method. This program was conducted in August 2017 in Wonokromo District, Surabaya. The participants in the activity consisted of 32 people from household community. The activity consisted of blood sampling collection, body weight, and abdominal circumference measurement for risk factor assessment, pre-test, socialization of metabolic syndrome, and post-test. Results. From the results of the pre and post test, we found an increase knowledge of 76.9% participants. The laboratory test results for early detection of metabolic syndrome showed 37.5% of participants had metabolic syndrome. We also found a significant positive correlation between body weight and abdominal circumference (p = 0.000, r = 0.867). There was also a significant negative correlation between body weight and HDL (p = 0.004, r = -0.494), between abdominal circumference and HDL (p <0.05, r = -0.376), and between TG and HDL (p <0.05, r = -4.22). Conclusion. Socialization and early detection of metabolic syndrome can increase knowledge, awareness, and detection of metabolic syndrome in the household community

High Calorie Diet with A Combination of Intermittent Restriction Affects The Reproductive Cycle and The Uterine Weight of Mice (Mus Musculus)

Balanced calories affected for body health and daily activities. Lose of energy can disturb the health and daily activities, while over calorie for diets also causes disorders such as metabolic. When there are excess calories in the body will be involved. It can be an obesity risk, diabetes mellitus, fertility disorder, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, in women there can be an increase in menstrual disorders and fertility disorder risk (Silvestris et al., 2018). This study aims to analyze highcalorie diet influence with interval restrictions combination on the reproductive cycle and weight of the uterus in mice. Experimental laboratory is a mouse (mus musculus) female’s balb/c as object population. Sampling techniques using probability sampling with simple random sampling type. The study results on fisher's exact test gave a result of p > 0.05 so there was no significant difference between control group, high calorie diet group, and high calorie diet with interval restrictions group on the results of vaginal swabs /post-treatment reproductive cycle. The study outcome on robust tests between control, high calorie diet, and high calorie diet with interval restrictions groups. Obtained results (p < 0.05) that mean there are some significant discrepancies in the weight of uterine organ between groups. Calories balance in the body can impact female reproductive health

Hepatitis B Infection And Genotype Hepatitis B Virus Among Drug Abused In An Indonesian Teaching Hospital

South East Asia has high level endemicity of hepatitis B infection in the world. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted by parenteral exposure from infected blood or body fluid. Drug abused group is one of the highest risk expose group of HVB infection. According to Indonesian National Narcotics Board, the drug abused case always rise every year. The aim of this study was to determine the hepatitis B infection among drug abused used Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, then sequence to determine the HBV genotype. First, hepatitis B infection determined by ELISA method in 101 sera from drug abused. Sera which had positive HBsAg will investigate later to determine the HBV DNA based on surface gen. Sera which had positive DNA HBV will be sequenced and analyzed using computer program version 9. In the result, Seven (6,93%) sera were detected had positive HBsAg from 101 sera and four (57,14%) sera were detected had HBV DNAs from 7 sera. Genotype B were detected in all positive HBV DNAs (100%). Conclusion, We had identified HBV DNA in HBsAg positive sera and others are not known whether it was hepatitis B infection or not. Thus, it is likely that genotype B of HBV is predominant in Indonesia. It needs further investigation to explore hepatitis B prevalence by molecular detection and genotype distribution with greater participant in HBsAg positive and negative