学会抄録

Mauve visualization of local collinear blocks identified among 14 haplotypes (15BACs) from Saccharum species and sorghum. (DOCX 1909 kb

Genetic diversity parameters of the sampled populations of <i>Platycladus orientalis.</i>

*<p>Natural populations.</p><p>Group 1: 100-yr. artificial populations (Group 1); Group 2: 300-yr. artificial populations; Group 3: 100-yr. natural populations; Group 4: 300-yr. natural populations. Ho  =  Observed heterozygosity; He  =  Expected heterozygosity; Na  =  the average number of alleles; Ne  =  effective number of alleles; F  =  inbreeding coefficient; I  =  Shannon’s information index; A_R  =  allele richness.</p

Relationship between the values of the mean diameter at breast height (DBH) and number of effective alleles (A), Shannon’s information index (B), allele richness (C) and allele range (D) in artificial populations of <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>(mean ± S.E.).

<p>Relationship between the values of the mean diameter at breast height (DBH) and number of effective alleles (A), Shannon’s information index (B), allele richness (C) and allele range (D) in artificial populations of <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>(mean ± S.E.).</p

Sampling sites, age groups and number of individuals of <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> populations in Beijing.

*<p>Natural populations.</p><p>Population name ending with an “A” means the population was old-growth (300-yr.); otherwise the population was young (100-yr.).</p

Relationships between the mean diameter at breast height (DBH) and (A) seed length and (B) seed weight of the eight sampled populations of <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>(mean ± S.E.).

<p>Relationships between the mean diameter at breast height (DBH) and (A) seed length and (B) seed weight of the eight sampled populations of <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>(mean ± S.E.).</p

Number and location of the trees used for cone collection in the artificial populations of <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>.

<p>Number and location of the trees used for cone collection in the artificial populations of <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>.</p

Relationship between the mean values of the diameter at breast height (DBH) and observed heterozygosity (Ho) in artificial populations of <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>(Mean ± S.E.).

<p>Relationship between the mean values of the diameter at breast height (DBH) and observed heterozygosity (Ho) in artificial populations of <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>(Mean ± S.E.).</p

Synthesis of α‑Methylene-β-Lactams via PPh₃‑Catalyzed Umpolung Cyclization of Propiolamides

We report herein a facile synthesis of α-methylene-β-lactams. Thus, under the catalysis of triphenylphosphine, a number of 2-propiolamidoacetates or α-propiolamido ketones in refluxing ethanol underwent umpolung cyclization to afford the corresponding 4-substituted 3-methylene­azetidin-2-ones in high yields

MMP2-Sensitive PEG–Lipid Copolymers: A New Type of Tumor-Targeted P‑Glycoprotein Inhibitor

Low tumor targetability and multidrug resistance (MDR) are two major impediments to the success of cancer treatments. Nanomaterials which possess high tumor targetability and the ability to reverse the MDR are rare. This report describes a new type of self-assembling polyethylene glycol-phosphoethanolamine-based copolymers (PEG-pp-PE) which showed both the matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-sensitive tumor-targeted drug delivery and ability to inhibit the P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug efflux. In this study, we synthesized a series of the homologous analogues of PEG-pp-PE copolymers and investigated the influence of their structures, including PEG lengths and peptide linkers, on the drug efflux, and identified the underlying mechanisms. We found that the whole structure (PEG-peptide-lipid) rather than any parts of the copolymers was key for the P-gp inhibition and a delicate balance between the hydrophilic and lipophilic segments of the PEG-pp-PE copolymers was needed for better modulating the P-gp-mediated drug efflux. The best copolymer, PEG2k-pp-PE, showed even higher P-gp inhibition effect than the d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS1k). We also found that the P-gp inhibition capability of PEG-pp-PE copolymers was highly associated with the P-gp down-regulation, the increase in the plasma membrane fluidity, and the inhibition of the P-gp ATPase activity. Besides, the excellent physicochemical properties, high drug loading, MMP2-dependent drug release, and improved drug efficacy in the MDR cancer cells suggested that the PEG-pp-PE copolymers might have great potential for building tumor-targeted drug delivery systems for treating drug-resistant cancers

MOESM1 of Fingerprint analysis of Resina Draconis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography

Additional file 1: Table S1. The source of the tested samples