Mass spectrum of the C₁ fraction obtained from MALDI-TOF MS.

<p>Mass spectrum of the C₁ fraction obtained from MALDI-TOF MS.</p

Gas chromatography of the C₁ fraction.

<p>Gas chromatography of the C₁ fraction.</p

Flow chart for the isolation and identification of the anti-algal compound from Strain BS02.

<p>(EA, ethyl acetate; CC, column chromatography; TLC, the thin layer chromatography).</p

Structure of palmitoleic acid.

<p>Structure of palmitoleic acid.</p

1H and ¹³C-NMR data °btained in CDCl₃ at 600 MHz for the algicidal fractions.

<p>δ chemical shift, <i>J</i> coupling constant, t triplet, a.q apparent quintet, m multiple.</p

Algicidal effects of the different concentrations of palmitoleic acid on <i>A. tamarense</i> after one day.

<p>(Control-1, the dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the algal cultures; Control-2, the bacterial supernatant of the BS02 strain was added to the algal cultures; Control-3, the AC1 medium was added to the algal cultures.).</p

Effects of palmitoleic acid on other microalgae.

<p>“++” indicates more than 70% cell mortality; “+” indicates moderate mortality, i.e. between 30 and 69%; “−” indicates less than 30% cell mortality. Control: algal cultures with the same volume of the dimethyl sulfoxide added.</p

Reported fatty acid algicide.

<p>* Values are MIC, rather than EC50.</p

Algicidal activity of the isolated fractions (40 μg/ml) from <i>Vibrio</i> sp. BS02 on <i>A. tamarense</i> after 3 days incubation.

<p>Algicidal activity of the isolated fractions (40 μg/ml) from <i>Vibrio</i> sp. BS02 on <i>A. tamarense</i> after 3 days incubation.</p

Algicidal effects of the different concentrations of palmitoleic acid on <i>A. tamarense</i>.

<p>(Control, the Ac1 medium was added to the algal cultures; Culture, the bacterial supernatant of the BS02 strain was added to the algal cultures; DMSO, the dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the algal cultures).</p