Data_Sheet_1_Ultrasound characterization of superficial lymph nodes in HIV patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection.docx

ObjectivesThis study aimed at exploring the ultrasound characteristics of superficial lymph nodes (LNs) in HIV patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection to provide assistance and understanding for diagnosis and therapy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 26 patients with confirmed HIV and T.marneffei coinfection. These patients underwent ultrasound examination and ultrasound-guided puncture biopsies at our hospital from March 2015 to March 2023.ResultsIn all 26 patients, lymphadenectasis was observed. Among the 21 cases (80.76%), LNs showed a diffusely hyperechoic appearance with a tulle-like change, and 6 cases (23.07%) showed liquefaction. When the hila were present or thinned, the blood flow signals were primarily hilar, whether rich or poor, and when the hila were absent, the blood flow signals were peripheral or poor. The axillary LN long-to-short diameter (L/S) ratios exhibited a significant positive correlation with CD4+T cell counts (r = 0.8214, p = 0.0341). Patients with retroperitoneal lymphadenectasis showed decreased NK cell counts (p = 0.03).ConclusionIn summary, the T.marneffei infection of LNs in HIV patients often manifests with superficial LN enlargement, mostly affecting the cervical LNs. The T.marneffei-infected LNs exhibit several characteristics such as echogenicity, hilum, and blood flow signal. Furthermore, there might be associations between lymphocyte subsets and enlarged superficial LNs. Ultrasound examinations should be paid attention to if patients have superficial LN enlargement, and the diagnosis of the T.marneffei infection is considered.</p

High Thermoelectric Properties of n‑Type AgBiSe₂

We report on the thermoelectric (TE) performance of intrinsic n-type AgBiSe₂, a Pb-free material with more earth-abundant and cheaper elements than intrinsic p-type homologous AgSbTe₂. Pb doping changes n-type AgBiSe₂ to p-type but leads to poor electrical transport properties. Nb doping enhances the TE properties of n-type AgBiSe₂ by increasing the carrier concentration. As a result of the intrinsically low thermal conductivity (0.7 W m^–1 K^–1), low electrical resistivity (5.2 mΩ cm), and high absolute Seebeck coefficient (−218 μV/K), the TE figure of merit (<i>ZT</i>) at 773 K is significantly increased from 0.5 for solid-state-synthesized pristine AgBiSe₂ to 1 for Ag_0.96Nb_0.04BiSe₂, which makes it a promising n-type candidate for medium-temperature TE applications

Integrative Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of the Response of <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> Zhang to Glucose Restriction

Nutrient starvation is an important survival challenge for bacteria during industrial production of functional foods. As next-generation sequencing technology has greatly advanced, we performed proteomic and genomic analysis to investigate the response of <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> Zhang to a glucose-restricted environment. <i>L. casei</i> Zhang strains were permitted to evolve in glucose-restricted or normal medium from a common ancestor over a 3 year period, and they were sampled at 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, and 8000 generations and subjected to proteomic and genomic analyses. Genomic resequencing data revealed different point mutations and other mutational events in each selected generation of <i>L. casei</i> Zhang under glucose restriction stress. The differentially expressed proteins induced by glucose restriction were mostly related to fructose and mannose metabolism, carbohydrate metabolic processes, lyase activity, and amino-acid-transporting ATPase activity. Integrative proteomic and genomic analysis revealed that the mutations protected <i>L. casei</i> Zhang against glucose starvation by regulating other cellular carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid catabolism; phosphoenolpyruvate system pathway activation; glycogen synthesis; ATP consumption; pyruvate metabolism; and general stress-response protein expression. The results help reveal the mechanisms of adapting to glucose starvation and provide new strategies for enhancing the industrial utility of <i>L. casei</i> Zhang

Integrative Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of the Response of <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> Zhang to Glucose Restriction

Nutrient starvation is an important survival challenge for bacteria during industrial production of functional foods. As next-generation sequencing technology has greatly advanced, we performed proteomic and genomic analysis to investigate the response of <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> Zhang to a glucose-restricted environment. <i>L. casei</i> Zhang strains were permitted to evolve in glucose-restricted or normal medium from a common ancestor over a 3 year period, and they were sampled at 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, and 8000 generations and subjected to proteomic and genomic analyses. Genomic resequencing data revealed different point mutations and other mutational events in each selected generation of <i>L. casei</i> Zhang under glucose restriction stress. The differentially expressed proteins induced by glucose restriction were mostly related to fructose and mannose metabolism, carbohydrate metabolic processes, lyase activity, and amino-acid-transporting ATPase activity. Integrative proteomic and genomic analysis revealed that the mutations protected <i>L. casei</i> Zhang against glucose starvation by regulating other cellular carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid catabolism; phosphoenolpyruvate system pathway activation; glycogen synthesis; ATP consumption; pyruvate metabolism; and general stress-response protein expression. The results help reveal the mechanisms of adapting to glucose starvation and provide new strategies for enhancing the industrial utility of <i>L. casei</i> Zhang

Integrative Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of the Response of <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> Zhang to Glucose Restriction

Nutrient starvation is an important survival challenge for bacteria during industrial production of functional foods. As next-generation sequencing technology has greatly advanced, we performed proteomic and genomic analysis to investigate the response of <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> Zhang to a glucose-restricted environment. <i>L. casei</i> Zhang strains were permitted to evolve in glucose-restricted or normal medium from a common ancestor over a 3 year period, and they were sampled at 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, and 8000 generations and subjected to proteomic and genomic analyses. Genomic resequencing data revealed different point mutations and other mutational events in each selected generation of <i>L. casei</i> Zhang under glucose restriction stress. The differentially expressed proteins induced by glucose restriction were mostly related to fructose and mannose metabolism, carbohydrate metabolic processes, lyase activity, and amino-acid-transporting ATPase activity. Integrative proteomic and genomic analysis revealed that the mutations protected <i>L. casei</i> Zhang against glucose starvation by regulating other cellular carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid catabolism; phosphoenolpyruvate system pathway activation; glycogen synthesis; ATP consumption; pyruvate metabolism; and general stress-response protein expression. The results help reveal the mechanisms of adapting to glucose starvation and provide new strategies for enhancing the industrial utility of <i>L. casei</i> Zhang

Nanometer-Scale Structure Property of WS₂ Flakes by Nonlinear Optical Microscopy: Implications for Optical Frequency Converted Signals

Structural irregularities have attracted increasing attention in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), whose impacts on the electronic structure cannot be neglected. Here, nonlinear optical spectroscopy and microscopy are used to investigate these effects in tungsten disulfide (WS2) flakes based on the spatially resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) and room-temperature two-photon photoluminescence (2PPL). Notably, SHG intensity appears the strongest at these flake edges, which is anticorrelated with the room-temperature 2PPL response in monolayer WS2. This work provides a convenient method to probe the second-order susceptibility of TMDCs for the purpose of achieving a high optical frequency converted signal for nonlinear optical applications

Factors Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an extramuscular manifestation that results in increased morbidity and mortality from polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate risk factors associated with the development of ILD in PM/DM.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Observational studies were identified from searching PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained for the relationships between risk factors and ILD in PM/DM using either fixed- or random-effects models, whichever were appropriate. Heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias assessments were also performed.</p><p>Results</p><p>Twenty-three studies were selected for a meta-analysis that included 834 patients and 1245 control subjects. Risk factors that may have increased the risk of developing ILD in PM/DM patients included older age at diagnosis (SMD, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18–0.52; <i>P</i> < 0.0001), arthritis/arthralgia (OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.99–5.04; <i>P</i> < 0.00001), fever (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.42–3.76; <i>P</i> = 0.0007), presence of anti-Jo-1 antibodies (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 2.16–5.16; <i>P</i> < 0.00001), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; SMD, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.32–0.64; <i>P</i> < 0.00001), presence of anti-MDA5 antibodies (OR, 18.26; 95% CI, 9.66–34.51; <i>P</i> < 0.00001), and elevated C-reactive protein level (CRP; OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.48–8.28; <i>P</i> = 0.004). Meanwhile, malignancy (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18–0.72; <i>P</i> = 0.004) reduced the risk of developing ILD in PM/DM patients.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our meta-analysis results suggest that the association between PM/DM and ILD may be due to such risk factors as older age at diagnosis, arthritis/arthralgia, fever, presence of anti-Jo-1 antibodies, elevated ESR, presence of anti-MDA5 antibodies, and elevated CRP level, while malignancy was associated with a reduced risk of developing ILD. Thus, these variables may be used to guide screening processes for ILD in patients with PM/DM.</p></div

Associations of PM/DM Associated ILD with Potential Factors In 23 Studies of 2079 Patients.

<p>Associations of PM/DM Associated ILD with Potential Factors In 23 Studies of 2079 Patients.</p

Forest plots generated by meta-analysis for the significant findings about demographics from the studies.

<p>(A) Age at diagnosis.</p

Forest plots generated by meta-analysis for the significant findings about lab tests from the studies.

<p>(A) anti-Jo-1 antibody. (B) ESR. (C) MDA5. (D) CRP.</p