31,900 research outputs found
Quantum Phase Transition in the Sub-Ohmic Spin-Boson Model: Extended Coherent-state Approach
We propose a general extended coherent state approach to the qubit (or
fermion) and multi-mode boson coupling systems. The application to the
spin-boson model with the discretization of a bosonic bath with arbitrary
continuous spectral density is described in detail, and very accurate solutions
can be obtained. The quantum phase transition in the nontrivial sub-Ohmic case
can be located by the fidelity and the order-parameter critical exponents for
the bath exponents can be correctly given by the fidelity
susceptibility, demonstrating the strength of the approach.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Quantum phase transitions in coupled two-level atoms in a single-mode cavity
The dipole-coupled two-level atoms(qubits) in a single-mode resonant cavity
is studied by extended bosonic coherent states. The numerically exact solution
is presented. For finite systems, the first-order quantum phase transitions
occur at the strong interatomic interaction. Similar to the original Dicke
model, this system exhibits a second-order quantum phase transition from the
normal to the superradiant phases. Finite-size scaling for several observables,
such as the average fidelity susceptibility, the order parameter, and
concurrence are performed for different interatomic interactions. The obtained
scaling exponents suggest that interatomic interactions do not change the
universality class.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Applications of Ionic Liquids
Ionic liquids have emerged as an environmentally friendly alternative to the volatile organic solvents. Being designer solvents, they can be modulated to suit the reaction conditions, therefore earning the name “task-specific ionic liquids.” Though primarily used as solvents, they are now finding applications in various fields such as catalysis, electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and material science to mention a few. The goal of this chapter is focused on the electrocatalytic applications of ionic liquids, which can be used as catalysts and catalytic supports in electrochemistry. Their scope has marched beyond academic research laboratories to industries where their practical applications have been leading to various sustainable technologies. Flexibility to modulate properties by changing design endows freedom to a chemist to design an ionic liquid according to one’s own requirement. To conclude, it can be said that the field of ionic liquid electrocatalysis holds enormous possibilities to be explored
Accurate numerical solution to the finite-size Dicke model
By using extended bosonic coherent states, a new technique to solve the Dicke
model exactly is proposed in the numerical sense. The accessible system size is
two orders of magnitude higher than that reported in literature. Finite-size
scaling for several observables, such as the ground-state energy, Berry phase,
and concurrence are analyzed. The existing discrepancy for the scaling exponent
of the concurrence is reconciled.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Phys. Rev. A (in press, a Rapid Communication
Novel and high efficient cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to cyclic carbonates over reusable mesoporous KIT-6 supported imidazolium lactate catalyst
ABSTRACT. A series of mesoporous KIT-6 supported ionic liquids were prepared and tested as effective and practical catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. The effects of type of catalysts, catalyst amount, CO2 pressure, reaction temperature and catalyst stability have also been investigated in detail, the catalyst KIT-6@ILCH3CH(OH)COO(0.6) exhibited excellent activity in good to excellent yields, may be attributed to the synergetic effect between hydroxyl groups and lactate anion of the ionic liquid. In addition, the supported catalyst can be easily recovered and reused for six times still with satisfactory catalytic activity. Moreover, a general synergetic catalytic mechanism for the reaction was proposed. This work introduces a new and highly efficient pathway to explore the supported ionic liquids for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide.
KEY WORDS: Mesoporous KIT-6, Ionic liquid, High efficient, Carbon dioxide, Cyclic carbonates, Recyclable catalyst
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 433-450.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.16  
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