1,523 research outputs found
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta +294T > C polymorphism and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (<it>PPARD</it>) gene affects serum lipid profiles, but to what extent alcohol consumption interferes with this association remains unknown. The present study was undertaken to compare the association of <it>PPARD </it>+294T > C (rs2016520) polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the nondrinkers and drinkers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 685 unrelated nondrinkers and 497 drinkers aged 15-82 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping of the <it>PPARD </it>+294T > C was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Interactions of the <it>PPARD </it>+294T > C genotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels were detected by using a factorial regression analysis after controlling for potential confounders.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The levels of triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, and the ratio of ApoA1 to ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (<it>P </it>< 0.05-0.001). There were no significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ApoB between the two groups (<it>P </it>> 0.05 for all). The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes were 56.0%, 36.4% and 7.6% in nondrinkers, and 57.2%, 38.0% and 4.8% in drinkers (<it>P </it>> 0.05); respectively. The frequencies of T and C alleles were 74.2% and 25.8% in nondrinkers, and 76.2% and 23.8% in drinkers (<it>P </it>> 0.05); respectively. There was also no significant difference in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between males and females in both groups (<it>P </it>> 0.05 for all). The levels of TC in nondrinkers were different among the three genotypes (<it>P </it>= 0.01), the C allele carriers had higher serum TC levels than the C allele noncarriers. The levels of all seven lipid traits in drinkers were not different among the three genotypes (P > 0.05 for all). The interactions of <it>PPARD </it>+294T > C genotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels were not detected in the drinkers (<it>P ></it>0.05 for all). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoB levels were correlated with genotypes in drinkers but not in nondrinkers (<it>P </it>< 0.05-0.01).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that the great majority of our study populations are beneficial from alcohol consumption. But there is no interaction between the <it>PPARD </it>+294T > C genotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels in the drinkers.</p
100G PAM-4 PON with 34 dB Power Budget Using Joint Nonlinear Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding and Volterra Equalization
We experimentally demonstrate 100G PAM-4 passive optical network using DML-based intensity modulation and direct detection with 3-dB system bandwidth of 15 GHz in O-band. Combining nonlinear Tomlinson-Harashima precoding at the transmitter and 2nd-order Volterra at the receiver enables 34-dB power budget for PON downstream
Sedimentary characteristics and processes of the Paleogene Dainan Formation in the Gaoyou Depression, North Jiangsu Basin, eastern China
LLM-FuncMapper: Function Identification for Interpreting Complex Clauses in Building Codes via LLM
As a vital stage of automated rule checking (ARC), rule interpretation of
regulatory texts requires considerable effort. However, interpreting regulatory
clauses with implicit properties or complex computational logic is still
challenging due to the lack of domain knowledge and limited expressibility of
conventional logic representations. Thus, LLM-FuncMapper, an approach to
identifying predefined functions needed to interpret various regulatory clauses
based on the large language model (LLM), is proposed. First, by systematically
analysis of building codes, a series of atomic functions are defined to capture
shared computational logics of implicit properties and complex constraints,
creating a database of common blocks for interpreting regulatory clauses. Then,
a prompt template with the chain of thought is developed and further enhanced
with a classification-based tuning strategy, to enable common LLMs for
effective function identification. Finally, the proposed approach is validated
with statistical analysis, experiments, and proof of concept. Statistical
analysis reveals a long-tail distribution and high expressibility of the
developed function database, with which almost 100% of computer-processible
clauses can be interpreted and represented as computer-executable codes.
Experiments show that LLM-FuncMapper achieve promising results in identifying
relevant predefined functions for rule interpretation. Further proof of concept
in automated rule interpretation also demonstrates the possibility of
LLM-FuncMapper in interpreting complex regulatory clauses. To the best of our
knowledge, this study is the first attempt to introduce LLM for understanding
and interpreting complex regulatory clauses, which may shed light on further
adoption of LLM in the construction domain
Mouse hepatocyte overexpression of NF‐κB‐inducing kinase (NIK) triggers fatal macrophage‐dependent liver injury and fibrosis
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109646/1/hep27348-sup-0001-suppinfo01.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109646/2/hep27348.pd
High-speed PAM4-based Optical SDM Interconnects with Directly Modulated Long-wavelength VCSEL
This paper reports the demonstration of high-speed PAM-4 transmission using a
1.5-{\mu}m single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (SM-VCSEL) over
multicore fiber with 7 cores over different distances. We have successfully
generated up to 70 Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signals
with a VCSEL in optical back-to-back, and transmitted 50 Gbaud PAM-4 signals
over both 1-km dispersion-uncompensated and 10-km dispersion-compensated in
each core, enabling a total data throughput of 700 Gbps over the 7-core fiber.
Moreover, 56 Gbaud PAM-4 over 1-km has also been shown, whereby unfortunately
not all cores provide the required 3.8 10 bit error rate (BER)
for the 7% overhead-hard decision forward error correction (7% OH HDFEC). The
limited bandwidth of the VCSEL and the adverse chromatic dispersion of the
fiber are suppressed with pre-equalization based on accurate end-to-end channel
characterizations. With a digital post-equalization, BER performance below the
7% OH-HDFEC limit is achieved over all cores. The demonstrated results show a
great potential to realize high-capacity and compact short-reach optical
interconnects for data centers.Comment: 7 pages, accepted to publication in 'Journal of Lightwave Technology
(JLT
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